WHAT IS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN?

WHAT IS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN?

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease that is often found in children. Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hypercholesterolemia. The cause of nephrotic syndrome in children is minimal change glomerulopathy and in adults idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy. Pediatric nephrotic syndrome occurs in 2-5 cases per 100,000 children and males are more likely to develop nephrotic syndrome than females1. Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms characterized by edema, proteinuria (>40 mg/m2/hour), hypoalbuminemia (2.5 g/dL), and hypercholesterolemia (200 mg/dL). The etiology of nephrotic syndrome is divided into 3, namely congenital, primary (idiopathic), and secondary.  Congenital nephrotic syndrome is one type of nephrotic syndrome found since the child was born or under 3 months of age. Primary (idiopathic) is a nephrotic syndrome in children generally caused by a primary (idiopathic) kidney disorder known as primary or idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).  The diagnosis of pediatric nephrotic syndrome is based on history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests and kidney biopsy. Proteinuria examination can be done by dipstick or Esbach urine protein.

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