Rainy season come, Beware dengue fever

        End of this year, case of dengue hemorragic fever suspected to increased because of rainy season. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by dengue virus which enter human body through bite Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue Dengue virus is a virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. The type of dengue virus in Indonesia consists of 4 (four) different types of dengue virus, namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4, but these four types of viruses are closely related. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can be found in various countries, both of tropical and subtropical countries, especially in the rainy season. The World Health Organization estimates that every year there are nearly 50 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever worldwide.

        Sign and symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever will appear with fever for 2-7 days and can be accompanied by bleeding and non typical symptoms such as headache, muscle and bone pain, pain behind the eyeball and a rash on the skin. Patients infected by dengue virus not all will show severe manifestation, it can be just mild fever that can heal by itself and there are patient asymptomatic (not show symptoms). Physical examination of a patient suspected dengue hemorrhagic fever is the presence of fluid in the abdomen called ascites or pleural effusion in the lungs and the presence of nosebleed or bleeding gums. From the laboratory examination, can be showdecrease in platelet, increase in hematocrit which is sign of plasma leakage and or a decrease in albumin.

       In general, dengue hemorrhagic fever is divided into 3 phases such as febrile phase, critical phase, and healing phase. In the febrile phase, a person infected with dengue hemorrhagic fever can show high fever of up to 40 degrees Celsius which does not recover by anti pyretic drug. Critical phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever usually occurs when the patient get drastic drop in body temperature so patient think that they recover but in fact happened plasma leakage in the patient's body which can cause dengue shock syndrome. Patients with dengue shock syndrome will have difficulty sleeping, excessive sweating, decreased blood pressure to occur rapidly bleeding and death can occur if not treated quickly and appropriately. The third phase is the healing phase. This phase will occur when the patient has passed the critical phase and is characterized by stopped bleeding, appropriate urine output, return of appetite and improvement of other body functions.

     Dengue hemorrhagic fever can be prevent especially in the rainy season. We can prevent ourself from infected dengue virus by closing water reservoirs so that mosquito larvae cannot develop, cleaning the environment both at home and at work so that it does not become a mosquito nest, using anti-mosquito lotion, using mosquito net when sleep, do fogging in the environment, and increase our immune system by consuming nutritious food and vitamins. In addition to the above, do not forget to immediately check yourself if there are symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever before it becomes more severe.

Reference

1. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/9845/2020 Tentang Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Infeksi Dengue Pada Dewasa.
2. World Health Organization. Comprehensive Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. 2011
3. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrgic Fever. 2009
4. Wang W H et al. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever-A Systemic Literature Review of Current Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Prevention and Control. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020:53;963-978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.007

5. Dayani DP. The Overview of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in East Java during 2015-2017. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi.2020:8(1):35 DOI:10.20473/jbe.V8I12020.35-41