IMPORTANCE OF URINE EXAMINATION

Urine examination is an examination that is often performed in laboratories, especially clinical pathology laboratories. Urine comes from blood which is filtered at the glomerulus, reabsorbed and secreted through the urinary tract. Urine is a complex solution containing organic and inorganic materials. These materials are the body's metabolic waste or food waste products. Urine examination can help in making a diagnosis and can determine whether there are abnormalities in the body's organs. Urine examination generally consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. The best urine sample to use for examination is the morning urine sample which has the same volume and osmolarity, is thicker and has a low pH.

Physical examination of urine is done to evaluate the color, odor, volume, and presence or absence of froth while chemical examination of urine is done using a dipstick. Chemical examination of urine includes urine specific gravity, urine pH, leukocytes, erythrocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, and hemoglobin. Microscopic examination can see organic and inorganic elements in the urine. Organic elements are elements that come from the kidneys and their channels, for example: epithelial cells, blood cells, thorax, mucus, parasites, and bacteria while inorganic elements are elements that do not come from the kidneys and their channels, for example: uric acid crystals, sodium urate, amorphous, and ammonium biuret. In addition to the above examination, urine examination can also see the presence of a special protein in diagnosing multiple myeloma disease called Bence Jones Protein

REFERENCE

■      Colombo JP, Klinisch – Chemische Urindiagnostik, Labolife,1994

■      Fuller CE, Thrette GA, Henry JB, Basic Examination of Urine, In Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 20^th Ed, WB Saunders Co, 2001

■      Ringsrud KM, Linne JJ, Urinalysis and Body Fluid a color test and Atlas, 1^st Ed, Mosby st Louis, 1995

■      Pelatihan urinalisis, Joglosemar 2010

■      Jusak Nugraha. Urinalisis: Petunjuk Praktis.2010