Genetic Diversity of Patchouli in Bali as Detected Using ISSR and RAPD Markers

Patchouli is a bushy herb that has strong scent. Patchouli's oil is extracted from patchouli leaves and used as perfumes, incense and traditional medicines. Centre of patchouli cultivation in Bali is in Badung Regency, however it is also grown in other area such as Buleleng Regency. The patchouli plant from Aceh (Pogostemon cablin) is considered as a better plant species due to its high quality oil. Java pathouli (Pegostomon heyneanus) has lower quality. Molecular marker was used to detect diversity of patchouli grown in Bali. Leave samples of patchouli from 12 areas in Badung and Buleleng Regency were collected. The areas included Lemukih, Wanagiri, Pupuan, Belok, Mekarsari, Nungnung, Plaga, Sidan, Mengwi, Lukluk, Abiansemal and Jegu. Patchouli samples of Lhoksumawe, Tapak Tuan, Sidikalang and Java were obtained from research Institute of Spices and Medicinal Plants, Bogor, Indonesia. DNA was extracted using CTAB buffer. Seven ISSR primers and five RAPD primers produced scorable bands and used for diversity and cluster analyses. The dendrogram showed that patchoulis grown in Bali are group together, separated from Java patchouli. This support observation based on leaf morphology, that they belong to Aceh patchouli. The patchouli grown in Bali showed low genetic diversity with Nei and Li’s similarity in the range of 0.857 to 0.989.