popular science Herbs can prevent pancreatic cell damage, control AGEs and control blood sugar in Diabetes Mellitus

popular science

Herbs can prevent pancreatic cell damage, control AGEs and control blood sugar in Diabetes Mellitus

1. I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa. 2. I Made Jawi. 3 IWG Gunawan , dan 4. Sri Wahyuni

1. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

3 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIPA) Udayana University

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM)  is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a long period (WHO, 2014). The symptoms are above normal and even high sugar levels, urination, thirst, and hunger more often than normal people, and weight loss. Long-term complications are cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, leg ulcers or diabetic foot ulcers, and eye damage to blurry eyes and even blindness. Acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia occurs, this situation often causes death (WHO, 2013).

In diabetes mellitus , high blood sugar levels will result in the emergence of free radicals such as: hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, single oxygen, nitric oxide radicals and peroxynitrite which are highly reactive species and the levels are higher than people. healthy. High free radicals can damage cells in the patient's body. Reactive oxygen interacts with the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane resulting in lipid peroxidation and will form a stable end product known as malondialdehyde (MDA) (Mahreen et al, 2010).

Free radicals that attack DNA molecules will cause damage to the DNA structure and affect the genetic information contained in it. One of the biological parameters is 8-Hydroxysideoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which can be detected in the urine of people with diabetes. With laboratory tests, red gedi leaf extract can be proven to reduce blood sugar levels, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and increase insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic white rats (Tandi J, et al. 2016).

Gendi leaves studied by (Mamahit and Soekamto, 2010; Mandey, 2013) found that red gendi leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and also contain high protein, fiber, and calcium. People in North Sulawesi use gedi leaves boiled without salt as traditional medicine, among others, to lower high cholesterol (Mamahit and Soekamto, 2010).

Findings

The researchers found that red gendi leaves given ethanol extract at a dose of 5 mg / kgbw, could increase the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in wistar diabetes rats (55.89 ± 7.38% vs 48.78 ± 4.19%) (Gunawan et al, 2018).

Figure 1. Histopathological profile of Wistar Pancreatic Beta Cells between normal pancreas, diabetic pancreas and diabetic pancreas given gendi leaf extract at a dose of 5mg/kgbw. (Picture from left to right).

This study proves the improvement of pancreatic cells in diabetic Wistar rats, by giving red gendi leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 5 mg / kgbw, histological cell picture with Aldehyde Funchsine-Nuclear fast red staining, it was found that pancreatic cells given red gendi leaf ethanol extract had better structure. compared to diabetic mice as shown in Figure1 (Gunawan et al., 2018).

Sri Wahyuni ​​and Sutirta Yasa, (2017), proved that in a study giving binahong leaf extract at a dose of 5 mg/kgbw to hyperglycemic wistar rats induced by aloxan compounds can reduce glucose levels and AGEs.

Research on DM/diabetes patients who were treated at Sanglah Hospital, giving purple sweet potato tuber water extract was proven to prevent oxidative stress and significantly improve blood sugar control (Mahadita G W et al., 2016). Other studies have shown that in DM/diabetes rats, administration of purple sweet potato tuber water extract can protect pancreatic beta cells from free radicals in people with diabetes (Jawi et al., 2016)

Conclusion

Ethanol extract of Gendi Leaf with a dose of 5 mg / kgbw, can increase the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in wistar rats with diabetes / diabetes so that it can prevent damage to pancreatic cells in people with diabetes.

Binahong leaf extract at a dose of 5 mg/kgbw in hyperglycemic wistar rats induced by aloxan compounds can reduce glucose levels in people with diabetes and decrease levels of AGEs.

Purple sweet potato tuber water extract can protect pancreatic beta cells from free radicals in people with diabetes

Acuan

Gunawan,IWG, SutirtaYasa, IWP  and Bawa Putra, AA. 2018.  Response Oxidative Stress of Ethanol Extract Abelmoschus manihot L Leaf on The Activity of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme in Diabetic Wistar Rats.  Risearch Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Juli-Agustus 2018; 9(4): 298-305. ISSN : 0975-8585.

Jawi I M,  Arijana I G K N,  Subawa A A N,  Wirasuta I M A G. 2016. The Pharmacological Mechanisms of Anthocyanin in Aqueous Extract of Purple Sweet Potato as Antihyperglycemic Herbal Remedy.Global Journal of Medical Research: B Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology &Medicine  16 (2): 27-32.

Mahadita G W,  Jawi I M and  Suastika K. 2016. Purple sweet potato tuber extract lowers mallondialdehyde and improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Global Advanced Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 5(7): 208-213.

Mahreen R, Mohsin M and Nasreen Z. 2010. Significantly Increased Levels of Serum Malondialdehyde in Type 2 Diabetic with Myocardial Infarction. Int J Diab Ctries 30(1):49-51

Mamahit L. P dan Soekamto N. H. 2010. Satu Senyawa Asam Organik Yang Diiolasi Dari Daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) Asal Sulawesi Utara. Juruan Teknologi Pertanian. Fakulta Pertanian. Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. J. Chem Prog, Vol 3 No.1

Mandey JS. 2013. Genetic characterization, nutritional and phytochemicals potential of gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) growing in the North Sulawesi of Indonesia as a candidate of poultry feed. Research Report. Animal Husbandry Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University. Manado.

Sri Wahjuni, SutirtaYasa  IWP. 2017 . Administration of Binahong (Anred.eraCord.ifolia (Ten) Steenis) Leave-s Extrae.t Fixe.s Pancreatic $-cell Damage through Lnwering Blood Glucose and Advanced Glycation End Produets (AGEs) Level in Hyperglycernic Wistar Rat. Journal of Global Pharma Technology Vol. 6 No. 9, 2017:5-9. ISSN : 0975-8542.

Tandi J , Muthi’ah H Z, Yuliet, dan Yusriadi. Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Gedi Merah terhadap Glukosa Darah, Malondialdehid, 8-Hidroksi Deoksiguanosin, Insulin Tikus Diabetes. J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.Vol 3. No. 4 264 p-ISSN: 2087-7099; e-ISSN: 2407-6090

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