ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia) YANG DAPAT MENURUNKAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH.

ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa aktif yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dari ekstrak etanol buah pare terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Ekstrak etanol buah pare dipartisi dengan n-heksana, kloroform, dan n-butanol. Berdasarkan hasil uji, fraksi n-heksana paling cepat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-14. Fraksi n-heksana selanjutnya dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (6 : 4,5) diperoleh 5 fraksi (FA - FE). Berdasarkan hasil uji, fraksi A merupakan fraksi yang paling aktif menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dibandingkan fraksi lainnya (fraksi B, C, D, E). Fraksi A dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-7. Hasil identifikasi isolat aktif (FA) menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan adanya 10 senyawa yaitu n-tetradekana, metil dodekanoat, metil heksadekanoat, etil heksadekanoat, metil-9,12oktadekadienoat, metil-9-oktadekenoat, metil oktadekanoat, etil oktadekanoat, metil-9cis-11trans-13trans oktadekatrienoat, dan mono (2-etilheksil)-1,2-benzenadikarboksilat. Kata Kunci : Buah pare, kadar glukosa darah, aloksan ABSTRACT : The aim of this research was to isolate and identify the active compounds from ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit to reduce the blood glucose levels of male mice (Rattus novergicus) which was alloxan induced. Partition of the ethanol extract using n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol was conducted and we found that the n-hexane fractions was the fastest to reduce blood glucose levels on day 14. The n-hexane fractions were then separated by coloumn chromatography using n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6: 4,5) as eluent and five fractions (FA - FE) were obtained. Based on the test result, fraction A was the most active fraction to reduce the blood glucose levels than other fractions (fractions B, C, D, E). The fraction A could reduce blood glucose levels on day 7. Identification of the active isolates (FA) was conducted by using GC-MS showed 10 compounds which were n-tetradecane, methyl dodecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, methyl-9,12octadecadienoate, methyl-9-octadecenoate, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid ethyl ester, methyl-9cis-11trans-13trans octadecatrienoate, and 1,2-benzenadikarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester. Keywords: bitter melon fruit, blood glucose levels, alloxan