Anti-candidiasis Biomarker Determination and Chromatographic Fingerprint Characterization of Essential Oils Extracted from Bali Cultivar Piper betle L. Folium

Piper betle L. folium (PBL) has been traditionally used to maintain the mouth cavity healthiness. The contained biomarkers are needed to monitor the reproducibility of their pharmacological efficacy. In this study PBL was collected from several sites within Bali Island and determined for their anti-candidiasis biomarker. The aim of the study was to identify biomarker of anti-candidiasis in propose to develop TLC-fingerprint quality control that is integrates directly to their efficacy. The fresh PBL were hydro-distillated in order to obtain their essential oils. The TLC-fingerprint of essential oils were done based the Indonesian Herbal Medicine. The developed plate was then scanned under TLC scanner 4 and cut for TLC-bioautography. The minimum inhibition concentration of PBL oils was determined on the basis of zero intercept of linear regression of squared size of the inhibition zone (IZ), plotted against natural logarithm of PBL oil concentrations. The chemical constituents of oils were next analysed with a GC/MS. Based on GC/MS results, 30 chemical substances were identified in PBL oils. The TLC-autobiography presented two IZ, which their in-situ UV spectra of both peaks were similar to that of eugenol. Eugenol, chavicol, isoeugenol, allyl pyrocatechol 3,4-diacetate, ?-bisabolene, ?-pathoulene, and ?-phellandrene introduced negative slopes on the simple linear regression relationships between logarithm of MICs. These Eugenol, chavicol, isoeugenol, allyl pyrocatechol 3,4-diacetate, ?-bisabolene, ?-pathoulene, and ?-phellandrene were presumable to be the biomarkers of anti-candidiasis activity. These substance were possibly separated in two Rf inhibition zones and these spots could be used to bio-marker TLC-fingerprint quality control, which directly proportional to their activity