THE GENERAL ANAESTHESIA ON BALI CATTLE

THE GENERAL ANAESTHESIA ON BALI CATTLE

I Gusti Ngurah Sudisma

Veterinary Surgical Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Faculty, Universitas Udayana.

Email: sudisma@unud.ac.id

    Surgery cannot be conducted if anesthesia has not yet been administered, so it is a crucial and strategic step in surgery. General anesthesia (GA) has a far greater risk than surgical procedures because the lives of anesthetized patients can be threatened. GA that is often used and declared safe in animals, especially small animals, is inhalation anesthesia. Although, inhalation anesthesia requires complicated devices, is expensive, has a relatively slow induction time, and is impractical in handling surgical cases in the field. It such as halothane cause organ poisoning and cause pollution to individuals who are in the operating room. Individuals exposed to subclinical halothane can result in impaired liver function.

    The use of injection and inhalation anesthesia in Balinese cattle has not been reported to date. Geovanini et al., (2008) stated that anesthesia in cattle has several disadvantages such as the occurrence of hypersalivation, limited peripheral blood vessels, making it challenging to administer intravenous, intracation difficulty due to anatomical forms of the larynx, and tend to the occurrence of laryngospasm. They are also hard to curb so intravenous injections are suspicious. Moreover, the combination of intramuscular and intravenous anesthesia is one of the anesthetic solutions.  

    Parenteral anesthesia that can be administered intravenously is propofol (BBraun, 2009). Propofol has a short recovery time but can result in bradycardia, and its high doses can be life-threatening for patients. Its doses in small ruminants are 2-6 mg/kg BW. The dose of ketamin in cattle is 5 mg/kg BW if given intravenously, or 10 mg/kg BW if administered intramuscularly with xylazine premedication. Recommended xylazine dose in cattle is about 0.11-0.22 mg/kg BW intramuscularly.

    The combination of both ketamine and propofol in pets especially dogs has been reported and can be interfered as an alternative to general inhalation anesthesia if administered by long-term infusion (gravimetry). The combination of both ketamine and propofol as Ketafol (1 mg / kg BW ketamine and 1 mg / kg BW propofol) as an alternative to general inhalation anesthesia in Balinese cattle. Ketafol-induced cattle produced an induction time of 5 minutes, duration of anesthesia 14 minutes and recovery time 4 minutes. Anesthesia with ketafol can be compiled in Balinese cattle which their physiological change more stable to the cardiovascular and respiration system, as well as no extreme changes found.