CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUID RUMEN, PH AND AMOUNT OF MICROBIA COW BALI

PRELIMINARY

The Indonesian government has declared self-sufficiency in meat since 2005, with various problems encountered, but until now it has not been achieved. One effort to achieve self-sufficiency in beef is to encourage community farms to increase the quantity of local cattle populations, one of which is Bali cattle. Bali cattle are Indonesian nuftah originating from Bali, so their existence needs to be preserved. Bali cattle have spread to all corners of Indonesia and dominate cattle species in Indonesia, especially Eastern Indonesia. Bali cattle farms cannot be separated from the lives of Balinese farmers and have been kept for generations since ancient times (Dewantari, et al., 2006). Various efforts have been made by the Ministry of Agriculture Directorate General of Animal Husbandry and Health to boost the population of Bali cattle. One effort is to establish integrated animal husbandry centers. The target to be achieved is to compare bali beef as a producer of premium bali beef with the aim of increasing product added value and increasing income

Cattle classified as ruminants are a group of mammals known as ruminants. Ruminant livestock such as cattle have four stomach compartments consisting of the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. Each of these compartments has different functions. According to Kelvin (1997) digestive processes in the front of the stomach such as the rumen, reticulum and omasum occur microbially. The role of microbes is very important in breaking food. Whereas in abomasum the digestive process occurs enzymatically because the stomach has many glands. According to Kurniawati A. (2004) and Sari N.F. (2017) The rumen is the largest compartment and has a diverse microbial community such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa. Rumen microbes have an important role because they can efficiently convert plant nutrients into energy sources.

Animal fitness is influenced by the digestive process that occurs in the rumen. Animals that have good posture and a lot of meat production certainly have a good digestive system. In ruminant livestock, especially the types of cellulitic bacteria that can break down cellulose properly, is able to influence fermentation in the rumen and all aspects of feed absorption in cattle (Suwandi, 1997). Rumen pH conditions have an important role in determining the life of microbes. Research on the condition of the rumen fluid of cattle by Purbowati E.cdk (2014) showed that the pH of Javanese cows was 6.83 and Ongole cows 6.67.

The presence of bacteria that are classified as commensal in the digestive tract of cattle has been known to have an important role in the digestive process. Bacteria Enterobacteriaceae is one example of a family that is classified as commensal in the digestive tract of cattle. In the digestive tract these bacteria produce vitamins B, E and K, which play an important role in the digestive process. Similarly cellulite fungi such as Neocalismatik sp and Orpinomyces have an important role to break down cellulose (Suwandi, 1997). Until now, studies of the number of bacterial and fungal microbes in the rumen fluid of Bali cattle have not been reported. Therefore this research is important to be carried out with the aim of obtaining information about the characteristics of pH conditions, the number of bacterial and fungal microbes and the number of Enterobacteriaceae in the rumen of Bali cattle.

Microbial Isolation: Total bacteria, fungi and Enterobacteriaceae and pH of Rumen fluid. 

A total of 30 clinical samples of healthy clinical Balinese cattle rumen were taken aseptically from the Badung Slaughterhouse (RPH) in Badung and Denpasar, Bali. The total population of bacteria and fungi is calculated by the usual method, the pour plate method. Population of Enterobacteriaceae was calculated by scattering method on Mac Conkey agar plate and Eosin methylene blue agar plate. Measurement of pH of rumen fluid is done by pH indicator strips (Purbowati E., et al. 2014).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results showed the rumen pH range of Bali cattle was 6.8-7. The condition of Bali cattle's pH is close to normal or neutral pH, so this pH condition is ideal for the growth of microbes in the rumen, especially facultative anaerobic and fungal microbes. The number of bacteria in the rumen of Bali cattle shows results with varying amounts of microbes. The range of ALTB is 11x10⁴ -171X10⁴ CFU / g with an average of 64x10⁴ cfu / g, the number of Coliform with a range of 2-57x10⁴ CFU / g with an average of 23x10⁴ cfu / g, the number of non-Coliform bacteria 1-80x10³ CFU / g and the number of Coliform with a range of 2-57x10⁴ CFU / g with an average of 23x10⁴ cfu / g, the number of non-Coliform bacteria 1-80x103CFU / g and the number of Coliform with a range of 2-57x10⁴ CFU / g average 18x10³ CFU / gr. The number of fungi in the rumen of Bali cattle ranges from 58x10⁵ CFU / g-1312x10⁵ CFU / g to an average of 161x10⁵ CFU / g. Microbial population in cattle rumen is influenced by factors of age, type of feed and geographical conditions (Dewantari, et al ..2016). According to Purbowati et al. (2011) Javanese cows fed rice straw and rice bran without concentrates or minerals produced a daily weight growth (PBBBH) of 0.19 kg, whereas those fed rice straw, rice bran, glicirida leaves and minerals produce PBBBH 0.63 kg. The results of the study by Purbowati et al. (2014) showed that the population of Javanese rumen fluid bacteria 2.7x107 cfu / g, ongole cattle 2.3x108 cfu / g, Javanese rumen fluid mushroom population 9.3x104 cfu / g and the population of rumen fluid mushrooms ongole cattle was 1.9x103 cfu / g. The results showed that the rumen fluid bacterial population of Bali cattle was lower than the rumen fluid bacterial population of Java cattle and ongole cattle. The population of rumen fluid mushrooms in Bali cattle is higher than in Java or ongole cows. Commensal bacteria found in the digestive tract such as Enterobacteriaceae produce vitamins B, E and K which are useful in the digestive process. Other microbes in the rumen of cattle such as cellulose digesting bacteria such as Bacterioides succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavafaciens and Ruminococcus albus, hemicellulose digesting bacteria (Bacterioides ruminocola, Ruminococcus sp), starch digesting bacteria (Bacteroides ammylophylus, Streococcus bacteria), Streococcus bacterium Lactobaccilus ruminus), and protein-digesting bacteria such as Clostridium sporogenus, Bacillus licheniformis (Das and Qin (2012) cited by Sulaksana, et al., (2017).

CONCLUTION

Based on the results of the study concluded that the rumen fluid pH of Bali cattle ranges from 6.8-7. ALTB number 64x10⁴ cfu / g, number of Coliform 23x10⁴ cfu / g, number of non-Coliform 18x10³cf / g, number of E.coli 18x10³cfu / g and amount of fungus in the rumen fluid of bali cattle 161x10⁵cfu / g.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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(Source :ICOSTH ,  2019 Universitas Udayana)