POTENTIAL AND PROSPECT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT IN BALI

POTENTIAL AND PROSPECT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT IN BALI

By:

I Nyoman Sudairta *

* Lecturer in the Travel Industry Study Program, Faculty of Tourism, Udayana University

sudiarta.nyoman@yahoo.co.id

Tourism Industry Trends

Today's tourism industry is an industry that is looked at by most countries in the world, including Arab countries which previously did not look at tourism as an industry to generate foreign exchange because they have oil reserves as a source of foreign exchange. But now the Arab countries have looked at the tourism industry as an alternative to increasing the country's foreign exchange because oil reserves have limited raw materials and can be used up within a certain period of time. While the tourism industry is an industry that will never lose raw materials. Even I called the tourism industry as an industry that will never die because it will not decrease people travel for trips, even shows a growth trend that is increasing from 3% to more than 4% each year. The tourism industry is an industry that has little to do with environmental pollution and is often referred to as the green industry.

The tourism industry has also adopted the concept of sustainable development (sustainable development) which is called sustainable tourism development (Sustainable Tourism Development). Sustainable tourism development today and in the future is very concerned with the environment, cares about social issues and does not forget the economic side. Because actually economically, tourism greatly contributes to development in the morning, especially as a source of foreign exchange, increasing income of the community and the availability of an unlimited number of workers ranging from crude and managerial staff. This opportunity certainly raises very tight competition so that every country and tourism actors will develop tourism with various variations so as to increase the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists to visit and return.

Electric Vehicle Tourism

As an implementation of sustainable tourism development, several countries have developed environmentally friendly tourism. One of them is to use environmentally friendly transportation in the form of hybrid and electric. With the increasing popularity of electric and hybrid vehicles, there is a huge opportunity for the tourism industry to capture new market segments (Miller, 2014).

The increasing popularity of hybrid and electric vehicles is an opportunity for the tourism industry to serve market segments that have not been seriously worked on before. Either rented or travelling in a private electric vehicle (E. Tourists can visit destinations and tourist attractions but produce zero exhaust emissions.

 Benefits of "EV Tourism" include;

• Economy: increased tourism expenditure due to lower fuel costs.

• Social: connecting people, utilizing new technologies, and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

• Environment: zero exhaust emissions, opportunities to use renewable energy sources such as solar power, and reduction in noise pollution.

However, adequate charging infrastructure and a general understanding of EV must be in place to make EV Tourism # become a reality. At present, charging is only limited in urban areas. Although this is convenient for travelling, the owners of all-electric vehicles inside this metro area have few opportunities to use their EVs to travel outside their infrastructure groups.

As is the case with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICE), the driving range for electric vehicles is affected by altitude, temperature, speed, use of climate control, and so on. While ICE vehicles can easily refuel at gas stations, EV drivers need electricity.

This cluster dilemma and gap provides the tourism industry with a unique opportunity to connect points between urban and rural areas thus providing the "range of trust" needed by current and potential EV drivers to enjoy long-distance travel such as weekend visits and road trips.

As Bronstein and MacArthur (2011) emphasize, "tourist perceptions and long-distance travel are part of the mainstreaming of EVs, and the tourism industry has the power to influence this public perception." It was emphasized that now is the time for the tourism industry to lead the charge and become a catalyst in making electric vehicles a viable, convenient, efficient and cost-effective mode of transportation - with zero exhaust emissions.

The concept of Green Tourism VS Green Tourist

As a consequence of the implementation of sustainable development, the tourism industry must respond to issues of this world and also as a form of response to the behaviour of tourists today who are very concerned about social and environmental issues. So the concept of Green Tourism is an alternative to respond quickly to the needs and desires of tourists called the Green Tourist. Some tourism stakeholders have built a product model to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty between the hotel industry and the Green Hotel. Transportation with Green Transportation even some cruise line industries compete to provide valuable experience for passengers with travel packages bearing the logo "green, that cruise lines really care about their customers and this is an effort to build a cruise line image so that in turn they are also proud to travel with the brand green cruise.

Bali as a Green Tourism Destination

Bali as part of Indonesia's tourism should develop a new brand or image as a green world tourism destination. Because Bali is not only competing nationally but also globally. Bali received many awards from the media that popularized tourism in Asia and in the World. However, Bali also often gets complaints because there is a lot of rubbish and also air pollution that can not be avoided because of the many tourist transportations that currently exists in Bali. This is a consequence of increasing tourist arrivals, especially Chinese tourists and also the trend of tourist arrivals in Asia as well as India, but European market share also has an upward trend as long as it is dealt with seriously.

An alternative that can be done to reduce Bali's negative image related to pollution is to use electric-based transportation or electric vehicles (EV) which have been developed by the world, especially in China and other European countries. The use of EV is expected to improve and build environmentally friendly product models while creating a new brand of Bali, namely Bali as a Green Tourism Destination.

Benefits of Using Electric Vehicles

If mass tourism develops, tourism causes more transportation (read vehicles), the consequence is air pollution, so that air quality decreases. Conversely, with the existence of electricity-based transportation which is increasing, causing pollution that decreases and air quality increases. This is one form of the concept of "quality tourism", "quality destination" by utilizing electric vehicles.

Some advantages related to the use of electric vehicles based on research results (Agarwal, 2018) in India are 1) better air quality, 2) reduced noise pollution, 3) energy security, reduced fuel oil imports, 4) increased demand for direct and indirect labour lives.

Electric Vehicle Tourism Opportunities

As noted above, there are a number of economic, social and environmental benefits for EV Tourism. As the tourism industry continues to grow, many organizations are aware of this negative impact and are turning to sustainable business practices that consider the economic, social and environmental impacts in decision making and planning. These three pillars of sustainability are "worthy of both now and in the future".

Some good practices have been carried out in America such as the U.S. Travel Association report. (2014), travel and tourism are America's largest service exports, contributing $ 2.1 trillion in economic output, $ 134 billion in tax revenue, and 7, 9 million jobs. The industry also contributes to climate change and is responsible for around 5% of global CO₂ emissions, 75% of which the transportation sector is responsible (United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2014). While air travel is estimated to cause 54-75% of transportation emissions, API cars and trains contribute around 13%.

Tourism activities that have been carried out that utilize electric vehicles are 1) National Parks, 2) Hotels, 3) Car Rentals, 4) Tourism Organizations. Several National Parks in America since 2011 have implemented the use of EV for use in national parks, national parks are conservation areas that require strict guarding of land use for educational and tourism activities. Activities with EV also provide new experiences for tourists in the form of education about EV and national parks. Another advantage of using EV is the reduced utilization of fossil fuels while reducing air pollution. Until 2014, as many as 13 national parks partnered with clean city coalitions, one of which was by utilizing EV for tourism activities. Some inputs related to the use of EV in National Parks are:

tourism activities that have been carried out that utilize electric vehicles are 1) National Parks, 2) Hotels, 3) Car Rentals, 4) Tourism Organizations. Several National Parks in America since 2011 have implemented the use of EV for use in national parks, national parks are conservation areas that require strict guarding of land use for educational and tourism activities. Activities with EV also provide new experiences for tourists in the form of education about EV and national parks. Another advantage of using EV is the reduced utilization of fossil fuels while reducing air pollution.

Until 2014, as many as 13 national parks partnered with clean city coalitions, one of which was by utilizing EV for tourism activities. Some inputs related to the use of EV in National Parks are: 1) entering EV charging instructions, 2) location, 3) costs and 4) charging time. A report from Smith Travel Research, in 2013 more than 50 000 hotel properties in the United States have used EVs and provided charging points so that tourists feel comfortable using EVs when they stay. Some hotels that use EV include Marriot hotels, Four Season hotels, and intercontinental.

Bibliography

Agarwal, A. (2018) ‘Feasibility Study of Electric Vehicles in Indian Cities’, 7(12), pp. 41–48.

Miller, J. (2014) ‘Electric Vehicle Tourism’, (June), pp. 1–24.