Ethics in Ophthalmology Practice in National Coverage Era

Abstract

            Medical ethics has a prime goal to regulate the medical profession in conducting its practices so that it may be conducted in order, and is always based on etichal norms. Medical ethics are considered applied ethics or normative ethics, and used as a guideline for a doctor’s ethical behavior in conducting its practices, whether in doctor-patient relationship or between fellow doctors. Ethical aspects of opthalmology are the ethical and legal basic in the application of ethics, with related ethical and legal issues such as informed consent, double equipoise, the organ trade and slippery slope phenomeon. The application of medical ethics in the time of JKN (National Health Assurance) primarily lies on clinical judgement when encountering an ethical dilemma, and is also a morale hazard used to prevent fraud. Clinical judgement taken as an effort to solve ethical dilemmas should be based on Four Quadrant Analysis and ethical decision in form of ethical application. Ethical application in medical practices consist of four basic bioethic principles, consisting of Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Autonomy and Justice.

Keyword ; Ethical dillema, moral hazard, fraud