THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF HINDU TEACHINGS THROUGH CUSTOMARY VILLAGE IN BALI

THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF HINDU TEACHINGS THROUGH CUSTOMARY VILLAGE IN BALI

I Nyoman Sirtha

Customary society in Bali is believed to have adopted Hindu teachings for centuries. Customary villages are still existed in Bali to this day, along with order and traditions that develop over time.

Customary law in Bali in the past was created through decisions of the customary leader (prajuru), which was then obeyed by the community (krama). In its development over the last few decades, customary law in Bali was written in the awig-awig and perarem established in each customary village. It is almost certain that the customary laws compiled and developed by each customary village mention the term 'Hindu' and the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana.

The term Hindu as stipulated in customary law in Bali, is not only limited to the understanding of Hinduism as the State’s formalistic-administrative view of religions in Indonesia, but further reaches the aspects of values and implementation of its teachings. In the context of administrative-administrative governance, the existence of traditional villages in Bali in relation to Hindu religion, teachings and values has officially been recognized.

Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 concerning Customary Villages in Bali, precisely in the consideration section considers the letter b stating that "Customary Villages as a customary law community unit are based on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy which is rooted in Sad Kerthi's local wisdom, imbued with Hindu teachings and values cultural values ​​and local wisdom living in Bali ... " This regulation forms a Customary Village Assembly (MDA) as a unity (pasikian) Customary Village at the Provincial, Regency / City, and District levels that have duties and authorities in the field of practice and customs originating from Hinduism. Furthermore, Article 22 (f) outlines that one of the duties of the customary village is to organize Pasraman as a Hindu-based religious education institution for the development of identity, moral integrity, and quality of the Balinese people. There is also a provision in Article 55 paragraph (2) of the regulation that recognizes the existence of immateriil belonging (padruwen) in the form of belief systems, traditional values, customs, arts and culture, as well as local wisdom imbued with Hinduism.

Furthermore, Bali Governor Regulation Number 4 Year 2020 stipulates in Article 9 that the Office for the Customary Community Advancement of Bali Province forms a team in conducting awig-awig development involving Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI). Likewise, in the context of the procedures for implementing customary village relations, Article 27 of the governor's regulation stipulates that in the administration of governance, customary villages can conduct relations with Hindu institutions. At the institutional level, PHDI and MDA seem to synergize quite often in responding to social situations that have related dimensions of Hinduism and customary villages. For example, the issuance of the Bali Province PHDI and MDA Joint Decree on March 28, 2020 concerning Provisions for the Implementation of the Panca Yadnya Ceremony and/or Activities in the Pandemic Status of COVID-19 in Bali