Spatial Orientation, Settlement Pattern and the Potent of Tourism.

Settlement patterns in the villages around Mount Lempuyang (Bisbis) and Bukit Seraya show differences from one another. Most of them show that kaja-kelod is a reference orientation for placing various zoning of village areas from the sacred zone to the profane zone, although there are villages that use other terms to place sacred-profane zoning such as hulu-teben which is different from kaja-kangin such as villages are generally in Bali. The variations and uniqueness that have been explored in this first year still leave a very important question related to the uniqueness and variation of the patterns of traditional houses in each village. Will the settlement pattern be compatible with traditional house patterns? These uniqueness and variations need to be explored more deeply in the second year, where we see the influence of spatial orientation on traditional housing, which is then explored as well as the influence of these settlement patterns with traditional housing patterns.

The existence of differences in spatial orientation creates the uniqueness of human settlements in this area compared to other areas in Bali. In general, the traditional spatial orientations in Bali, kaja-kelod and kangin-kauh, are aligned with the global spatial orientation (north-south and east-west). The kangin-kauh direction is in line with the east-west direction. Its position, which is in line and is opposite poles, is an important aspect in determining the direction of sacred-profane spaces and each direction occupied by certain gods. This spatial and spiritual orientation is used as the basis for traditional housing and residential spatial planning in Bali in general. However, several villages, especially in eastern Bali, have axes of kaja-kelod and kangin-kauh, which are not generally accepted and are very unique and local in character. There are also villages where the kaja-kelod and kangin-kauh directions are not in line and are not opposite poles. The uniqueness of this spatial orientation has the potential to influence and create unique and specific variations in the spatial patterns of traditional residential and residential areas in this area.

The orientation for the Balinese people is their awareness of cosmological laws. Orientation is based on the concept of polarity in which the world or environment is constructed as opposite poles or cosmic antagonisms such as mountain-sea or sacred - profane. The spatial orientation affects the spatial configuration and shape of the physical landscape of Bali, including the layout of villages, holy places and people's houses. The consecrated direction in which the gods reside in the mountains or high places is known as kaja. While the opposite direction is called kelod, which means heading out to sea.

Furthermore, the concept of this orientation is also influenced by the condition of the Bali mountains, where the plateau is located in the middle of the island which extends from west to east. This causes the kaja and kelod to change depending on the location. In general, the spatial orientation in Bali is divided into two parts, namely southern and northern Bali. Kaja is north and kelod is south in the southern part of Bali and vice versa. On the other hand, kangin and kauh are fixed directions where kangin is the direction of the rising sun and kauh is the direction of the setting sun. Kangin where the sun rises, which brings light and life is the holy direction whereas on the contrary, kauh, where the sun sets is the profane area. The two main directions, kaja-kelod and kangin-kauh, are a system of coordinates and orientation, ritual behavior and the arrangement of social spaces. Meanwhile the kaja / kangin, kelod / kauh, kelod / kangin, and kaja / kauh directions as intercardinal directions are also used by the community. Each of the eight cardinal directions refers to a god and a certain color, which is used in religious activities called gods nawa sanga as well as in arranging residential and housing spaces.

However, several areas in the eastern part of Bali, especially in villages located in the eastern part of Bali, have a different orientation direction. Unlike the villages in general which refer to the highlands in the central part of Bali that stretch from West to East, the villages in this area are oriented towards 2 mountains which are not very high but have an important meaning. This area includes several villages including Seraya Village to the south. In this village, like other villages in South Bali, kaja is north and kangin is east. However, other villages that are nearby show different things. The kaja in each village remains oriented towards the top of the mountain so that its direction, when viewed from a common cardinal direction, keeps changing. Meanwhile, unlike other villages in Bali where the kangin and kauh directions are fixed, the kangin direction, for example, continues to change according to location.