Propagation of Balinese Local Bananas with Chopped Corms and Induction of Organogenesis in Tissue Culture

            Bali has a high biodiversity of bananas, not less than 43 species. Bananas in Bali have multiple functions, aside from being a food ingredient, as well as for ritual materials, cultural and religious ceremonies, decorative materials, household industrial raw materials, medicinal materials, and others. With great use, the demand for bananas in Bali's local market is always high so Bali is very dependent on bananas from outside. High demand for bananas provides a great opportunity to cultivate bananas in Bali. However, the obstacle is that there are no seed traders who buy and sell local Bali banana seeds, so that farmers or the community  very difficult to get them. The long-term goal of this research is to find nursery technology to produce commercial seeds that can be used as start-ups for the banana seed industry at Udayana University and a cultivation technology package is found to increase the production and quality of local bananas in Bali. While the specific purpose of the research is to produce nursery technology from chopped corms  that can be easily applied by farmers and nursery technology with tissue culture techniques for mass production of local banana seedlings . The study was conducted in 2 sub-studies, namely: (1) propagation using buds of chopped corms and (2) propagation with tissue culture techniques. Propagation by  chopped corms using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the size of the chopped corms (length x width x height) consisting of 3 levels (small 5 x 5 x 5 cm / B1, medium 7 x 7 x 7 cm / B2, and the size of 9 x 9 x 9 cm / B3), and the chopped corms  soaking type consists of 3 levels (soaked with water / R0), Dithane M-45 fungicide 2 g / l / R1, with the hormone NAA 100 ppm + Dithane M-45 fungicide 2 g / l / R2), soaked with BA hormone 75 ppm + Dithane M-45 fungicide 2 g / l / R3), and with 100 ppm NAA hormone + 75 ppm BA + Dithane M-fungicide 45 2 g / l / R4).  Whereas the propagation by tissue culture was carried out by the method of induction of organogensies using a completely randomized design (CRD), with the treatment of differences in the concentration of thidiazuron / TDZ hormone in the planting medium, consisting of 5 levels of concentration (0 ppm / Y0, 0.5 ppm / Y1, 1.0 ppm / Y1, 1.0 ppm / Y2, 1.5 ppm / Y3, and 2.0 ppm / Y4). The planting medium used was the basic media Murashige skoog / MS + 30g / l sucrose + 100 cc coconut water / l + 100 cc bamboo shoot extract / l + TDZ hormone according to treatment. The results showed a method for producing healthy seeds and vigor from chopped corms was the use a 9 x 9 x 9 cm large size chopped corms  accompanied by soaking using fungicides and hormones. The method for producing healthy seedlings and vigor with tissue culture techniques was  the medium that is added with a Thidiazuron hormone concentration of 1 ppm, indicated by the number of plantlets, number of shoots, number of leaves, number of roots, root length, and the highest acclimatization success. Although Thidiazuron concentration of 1 ppm is able to provide the highest percentage of explants, but that the number of shoots per bottle produced is very low, only 1.16 to 1.75 buds per bottle in Saba bananas and 1.36 to 1.66 buds per bottle on "Susu" Banana so it is necessary researched efforts to increase the number of plantlets per culture bottle.