TIPS FOR TRANSLATING SENTENCES SANSKERTA LANGUAGE

TIPS FOR TRANSLATING SENTENCES

SANSKERTA LANGUAGE

By: Ni Made Suryati

Balinese Literature Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Udayana University

Email: md_suryati@unud.ac.id

Preliminary

               Sanskrit (hereinafter abbreviated as BS) is the ancestor of Greek, Roman, German, Slavic, English and others belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. Sanskrit first grew in the Danao area, about the North Caucasus mountains. I don't know what caused the speakers of this language to leave the place for the Balkan peninsula. Then they spread to the West and to the East. Those to the West derive Greek, Roman, German, Slavic, and so on; while those traveling to the East on their way to India (Soetandi, 2001: 1).

               In India Sanskrit grew rapidly. In the fourth century India was born a world famous linguist, namely Panini. He first succeeded in compiling laws about the Sanskrit language that can distinguish between root words and words, how to form word stems and so on. What is clear is that Panini can be said to be an expert on Sanskrit grammar (Soetandi, 2001: 4)

               During its development, Sanskrit is grouped into three, namely (1) Vedic Sanskrit is the language used in veda; (2) Classical Sanskrit is the Sanskrit language used in Hindu literature; and (3) Hybrida Sanskrit is a Sanskrit language that has been influenced by the developing language (Winanti, 2004: 2-3).

On his way to Indonesia, especially to Bali, Sanskrit was very influential in line with the entry of Hinduism around 400 BC (Soetandi, 2001: 5–7). The three influential Sanskrit groups in Bali can be said to be the three, because until now both vedas, literary works and mixed languages ​​are still used in Bali.

               Although there are already many books that contain Sanskrit grammar, based on the experience of teaching Sanskrit in the Department of Balinese Literature and the Department of Old Javanese Literature, it seems that knowledge of tips for analyzing BS sentences is still needed. In fact, if students pay attention to the rules memorizing the rules, there are some who do not correctly place / translate the rules. For this reason, we try to provide tips on how to analyze BS sentences so that they are correct and the translation becomes logical.

Discussion

               There are two important things that must be understood, namely the tasrifan of verbs and the declination of nouns and adjectives. The three groups of words, if entered into a sentence, must be processed first.

1) Verb tasrifan (hereinafter abbreviated to KK) is a change in KK by taking into account several factors, namely (1) persona and number; (2) form of KK; (3) tempo and mode; and (4) class family members. One KK can be defined into 9 forms which are traditionally called the suffix for the person mark (hereinafter abbreviated as a.t.o. or in linguistic terms it is called the suffix. For more details, below is presented a.t.o (suffix) for present-indicative-parasmāipadam KK tasrifan as follows.

Table: 1 Suffixes  presen-indicative-parasmāipadam

2) Declination is a change in nouns (hereinafter abbreviated as KB) and adjectives (hereinafter abbreviated as KS) by taking into account several factors, namely (1) there are three kinds of gender; (2) there are also three kinds of numbers; (3) cases consist of eight kinds; and (4) the final KB phoneme consists of words ending with the phoneme a, i, u, consonants, etc .. Thus one noun / trait can be declinated into 24 forms. This can be seen in the following table using the masculine gender noun jana 'male' and the noun neutrum net 'water' ending in a vowel / a /. Feminium gender was not discussed