WASTE. ALTERNATIVE ANIMAL FEED AND TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WASTE FEED

The prolonged economic crisis in Indonesia has made us realize that so far we have too much oriented abroad, and have a considerable dependence on imported feed ingredients. At that time, many farmers went bankrupt because they could not afford to buy rations. To the extent that there is a saying that livestock consume "cars" to defend their lives. This is related to the high cost of rations so that farmers sell capital goods, such as cars to maintain their livestock business. This valuable lesson makes us have to look for alternative food ingredients that are unconventional that do not compete with human needs, are cheap, are local, but have adequate nutrition for livestock.

Some feed ingredients, such as waste feed and feed which are unconventional in nature, have the potential to be developed in terms of their availability, although sometimes limiting factors are found in their use. For example, the content of crude fiber and carbohydrates instead of starch ("Non Starch Polysacharides" = NSP) in feed will negatively affect the digestibility of rations in monogastric animals. Likewise, protein content and amino acid balance, as well as digestibility are the limiting factors for their use in rations. Therefore, the application of appropriate technology is needed to increase the use value of the waste feed.

In this book, the classification of waste feed, agricultural industrial waste, estate crop waste, fishery waste and livestock waste, straw, alternative animal feed, and research results on the effect of waste-based ration on the quantity and quality of livestock production, as well as the application of technology to increase the use value of the waste feed, such as physical and chemical technology, fermentation technology, silage, and probiotics. Thus, this textbook will be very useful and very helpful in understanding the quantity and quality of waste feed ingredients and inconvenient feed. Utilization of technology and the appropriate level of waste feeding to livestock will be able to provide optimal results.