DEVELOPMENT OF BALI CULTURE BY YOWANA DESA ADAT

Bali is never separated from culture. considering the culture is one strategy to maintain the existence of Bali. Nonetheless Bali must be selective in the efforts to sort and choose cultures that must be developed, because not all cultures have a positive connotation. The effort as intended it’s better also involve yowana, because yowana will be responsible against sustainability of Bali.

            Bali is ait with wide ​​5,780.06 km2 located in the territory of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. Bali consists of 8 districts and 1 city with a population of approximately 4 million. The center of government and the economy of Bali is located in Denpasar City which is also the Capital of the Province of Bali. Specifically regarding the economy, Bali was initially dependent on the agricultural sector. But in its dynamics, the development tourism industry which is actually getting stronger and finally become source income biggest for Bali. In accordance with Bali Province Regulation No. 2 of 2012 concerning Balinese Culture Tourism, the development of Tourism in Bali should be guided by the value of Balinese culture which is based on the teachings of Balinese Hinduism and the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. It aims to maintain the Balinese civilization in the midst of global interaction due to the tourism industry.

            There are various views about culture, one of which states that culture is the result of human thinking that aims to humanize humans. Culture is born in human life in the context of a society that lasts from one generation to the next. Universally known 7 elements in culture, among others: religious, social systems, knowledge systems, livelihood systems, technology, art, and language. Based on these 7 elements, not all habits that have been run from generation to generation can be qualified as culture. For example, the habit of metajen, chewing and memitre is not exactly called a culture.

            In addition to habit, the term culture also should differed with term tradition. In principle, tradition taken as custom that evaluated  good and right and functions as a regulator of behavior. Judging from the form of culture, tradition is form of culture that most abstract and is rich will load in cultural values. As part of culture, then customs are described as mutual values ​​and / or rules of courtesy. Thus, traditions that are part of culture are only limited to customs that contain values ​​of mutual cooperation, rules of courtesy, and always aim at humanizing humans.

            Law in fact has manage about role of youth in culture. Based on Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan Article 16 and Article 17 of regulation a quo manage that youth have role active in efforts cultural development. Based on Law Number 5 of 2017 concerning the Promotion of Culture, Article 1 number 5 regulates that the development of culture is an effort to improve, enrich and disseminate culture. Thus, the existence of youths should not be underestimated, bearing in mind the state's trust in youth to be involved in cultural development efforts.

            In Bali, the term youth is more familiar mentioned with yowana. Generally, those who are classified as yowana are at least 13 years old. Yowana in Bali also has a container being called sekaa truna. In the organization of sekaa truna, the yowanas interact, organize, and know and learn about Balinese culture. Since the issuance of Peraturan Daerah Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Desa Adat di Bali (Perda 4/2019), the existence of yowana is strictly regulated in the provisions of Article 1 number 21, Article 43 and Article 48. Based on Article 1 number 21 and Article 43 of Perda 4/2019, It is stipulated that Yowana has a position as a youth organization in the traditional environment that is part of the adat village. As for Article 48 of Perda 4/2019, it is further regulated the responsibility of the yowana to carry out activities in the youth sector, one of which is relating to culture.

            In practice, previous issuance of Peraturan Daerah Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Desa Adat di Bali, yowana had indeed played an active role in various cultural nuanced activities. For example, the role of Yowana in Banjar Teba - Desa Adat Jimbaran in actualizing the tradition of siat yeh in 2018 ago. Appropriate known, the tradition of siat yeh is a native culture of Jimbaran Traditional Village. Previously this tradition was held to coincide on the day of shooting geni by the yowana in the Indigenous Village of Jimbaran. The purpose of the implementation of this tradition is for kasukretan manners Banjar Teba - Desa Adat Jimbaran.

            The rapid development of the tourism industry in the Jimbaran region, apparently does not always have positive implications for the sustainability of local culture. Development of tourism support facilities that are not controlled, then disrupt the continuation of the siat tradition. The implementation of this tradition was delayed for quite a long time, due to the location of the implementation of siat yeh which is a lobok (meeting of the sea and swamp) which has been displaced by the existence of supporting tourism facilities. Considering the philosophy and purpose of siat yeh tradition, the yowana in Banjar Teba finally took the initiative and also worked together to revive the tradition. The action of the yowana in Banjar Teba is real proof that shows that the yowana in Bali is very thorough to sort and choosing which traditions should be developed as culture.

            Going forward, reminded that the yowana in Bali is still mindful of its culture. Although cultural acculturation in Bali is very high due to the tourism industry, the traditional village yowana in Bali must be consistent to implement role of cultural development for the sustainability of Bali.