Architectural Design and Planning in reviving the Cultural Landscape and Enhancing the Economic Competitiveness of Mountainous Regions
23/06/2020 Views : 349
I DEWA GEDE AGUNG DIASANA PUTRA
Structure of Bali's
mountainous regions, particularly the middle parts of Bali, is generally
targeted as areas with primary conservation and integrated agriculture
functions. This mountainous region is a unified cultural landscape, integrated
into cultural activities, economic activities and agricultural activities. As
a result, this area is intended as an area for the protection and conservation
of protected forest areas and the development of community forests as a buffer
zone for protected forests, geared towards environmental sustainability, while
at the same time reviving cultural activities related to lost agricultural
activities. In order to support this activity, it is necessary to control the
use of space in rainwater catchment areas and water catchment areas, revive
agricultural cultural activities and integrated agricultural
development-oriented agribusiness systems, including the provision of
production infrastructure, product processing, marketing and financial support,
advice and research. In addition, there is a need to develop a competent,
efficient and competitive farmer economic business institution, supported by
adequate facilities and infrastructure, as well as the development of agro-tourism
and eco-tourism-based tourism regions.
Bali's mountainous
regions have potential agricultural commodities. Some agricultural commodities
and agricultural culture can be used as superior commodities. The yields of
agricultural commodities are more dominantly traded in fresh products and have
not yet sought optimal packaging and post-harvest production. Various
integrated development efforts in agricultural areas are needed to increase the
value of these commodities, consisting of complete production activities
accompanying cultural activities, developing packaging, and creating or
producing processed materials from agricultural products. In this area,
farmers' training activities and marketing efforts are also needed. In this
case, integrating agricultural activities is aimed at providing local community
income. In addition, the optimization of agricultural activities from upstream
to downstream can also be improved by combining with tourism activities, both
natural tourism and agricultural education tourism, so that efforts to improve
the standard of living of farmers by maintaining the area as an agricultural
and conservation area can be maintained. This integrated area development model
can be in the form of an agro techno park that has been developed in several
regions in Indonesia.
If architectural
planning exists, the development of agro-techno park can be realized faster. In
this planning, a mature area can accommodate a variety of integrated and
efficient activities where production, packaging, and marketing activities of
agricultural, educational and recreational products are integrated. In this
integrated planning, the facility optimizes existing regions' potential for
growth and development of areas aimed at reviving the region's cultural landscape,
community-based development, and sustainable development.
According to
Ristekdikti Minister, Prof. H. Muhammad Nasir, Ph.D., Ak. (2018), ATP's three
main pillars are: 1) Education and innovation; 2) Agrotechnology; 3) Facilities
and Information. So, basically, ATP's development will refer to development
pillars. The growth pillar should be connected to the development scenario, so
Agro Techno Park's development vision is agro-knowledge, agro-entrepreneurship,
cultural agro-activities, bio-agro-industry, agro-tourism and agro-networking.
Based on this vision, regional themes that can be developed in mountainous
regions of Bali reinvigorate cultural landscape to integrate sustainable
development farming centers.
The development of the
region is based on the concept of the tri
hita karana principle, by paying attention to the harmonious relationship
between humans, nature, and God, which is implemented in the relationship
between the region and the surrounding area, the relationship between segments,
environmental conditions, community factors and beliefs. The utilization of
space in the ATP area is fixed as a coffee plantation with several new
functions. Meanwhile, the function of
the area around the ATP remains as a place for the daily activities of its
citizens. These areas are utilized as the plantation area, tracking or cycling
locations. Through a collaboration system between ATP and the community, the
new function can help the regions develop more optimally, benefit the
community, and reinvigorate the cultural landscape of the region that has lived
for generations.
As an effort to control
physical development at the site, several concepts that need to be applied
include: setting the ratio of the building base coefficient and the efficiency
of the building area as an effort to minimize the building floor area, to
strengthen the impression of the agricultural area and maintain the natural
beauty of the area. Besides that, maintaining local wisdom is related to the
rules of development that are adjusted to awig-awig
and holy areas. Furthermore, efforts to improve the natural
condition of the area are to maintain existing trees and objects that have a
certain value to the area as well as by structuring and selecting plants to be
planted locally. In this case, minimizing land engineering (cut and fill), and
maintaining the topography of the land as original as possible is to keep the
environment still natural.
In terms of the concept
of building development, the buildings apply the Balinese architecture, including
their form, appearance, and material. This concept is following the rules that
have been stated in local regulations on buildings in Bali. In this case, the
building's layout is spread out based on the macro zone group, according to the
interrelation of its function. Along with efforts to minimize changes in the
topography of the area, the concept of building structure minimizes physical
engineering on the site. It is recommended to stand using the suspended
structure.