BIO-ETHANOL AND DIESEL AS A FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT FUEL

Arak is a type of beverage containing ethanol, can be produced by fermentation using vegetable raw materials such as cassava, corn, tubers, principally material containing sugar (sugar cane, sugar palm, palm) and fibrous materials such as straw, husk, corncobs, sugar cane baggas, cocoa pods and coffee). In addition to ethanol is classified based on raw materials and the process is also based on water content, so there is 96% ethanol and 99.5% ethanol (anhydrous ethanol) with a water content of 0.05%. Furthermore, ethanol is also classified according to its use, for industry as solvents, varnish making, and perfume. Arak has been used successfully as a fuel known as bioethanol and is used as a reagent in making biodiesel in processes or chemical reactions or esterification reactions as alternative fuels.

Arak is obtained from palm and coconut by traditional fermentation and distillation so that certain levels are obtained. This is done routinely according to hereditary habits. To increase levels, distillation can be done in the laboratory to increase levels of ethanol or biethanol. Alternative fuels both bioethanol and biodiesel are environmentally friendly because they are sourced from vegetable (plants), it is hoped that their products can maintain the condition of the air environment during their use. Ethanol in wine can be as a reagent with oils available in household products or waste from food frying waste from used cooking oil from coconut oil.

Indonesia, has the opportunity to develop alternative fuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel, considering that raw materials in the form of coconut oil and household cooking can be easily obtained because Indonesia is an archipelagic country and as a major coconut producer in the world. But the main use of coconut oil is as food, it is necessary to know the results of the rest of the frying pan that is not suitable for consumption means it contains many kinds of saturated fats, known as used cooking oil. Household waste cooking oil can be processed into alternative fuels in the form of environmentally friendly biodiesel, obtained by the esterification process followed by the transesterification process. Esterification reaction is the reaction between oil and ethanol contained in the wine with a hydrochloric acid catalyst or with a double catalyst (hydrochloric acid and toluene), while transesterification is an ester obtained in the esterification reaction reacted again with ethanol from the wine but using a KOH catalyst. This esterification result is known as Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE).

The two alternative fuels made from ethanol that are environmentally friendly to create a clean, safe and pollution-free environment, to create green chemistry, which starts from households with the hope in the environment or the community can utilize this method going forward so that the community is independent in treating home waste each ladder on an ongoing basis.

Biodiesel (biofuel / biofuel) made from ethanol from essential wine is developed in Indonesia, considering that there are three types of liquid biofuel, namely (a) bioethanol, cassava based or sugar cane which is used as a mixture of gasoline or gasohol; (b) bio-oil, wood or lignocellulosic conversion products are converted into a liquid form through an 'explosive pyrolysis' process; (c) biodiesel, as mixing diesel for cars and agricultural equipment.

Bio-ethanol and diesel levels can be analyzed by gas chromatography. Biodiesel is produced in the form of Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester obtained from the reaction of esterification and transesterification of coconut cooking oil with ethanol derived from household products. Arak obtained from home industries is carried out one, two and three times distillation to obtain higher levels similar to laboratory standard ethanol levels.

FAEE as an environmentally friendly transportation energy can be synthesized from household waste and cooking oil. Analysis by GC-MS can be proven to form esters, obtained by the content of several esters. The esters obtained depend very much on the content of used cooking oil and bioethanol as the chosen reagent.

To use household wine and waste cooking which is not useful as an environmentally friendly alternative energy, this research needs to be developed in other used cooking oil that is spread in the community to determine its content. In addition to the content of fatty acids in oil to obtain fatty acid esters as biodiesel, further analysis is needed in other used cooking oil which is thought to contain other compounds such as plastic (polymer) as a material and source of poison, along with fried food.

In addition to these basic ingredients in making biodiesel, reagents also play an important role. After using ethanol reagents from wine (vegetable / palm ingredients)