BENEFITS OF MIMBA PLANT FOR HANDLING DERMATITIC CASE ON DOGS CAUSED BY BACTERIA AND FUNGUS

Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin that is usually characterized by itching, hair loss, ulcers, and redness of the skin. Based on the causative agent, dermatitis is distinguished from single dermatitis caused by one infectious agent and complex dermatitis caused by many infectious agents. The causative agents for dermatitis in animals reported are fungal infections of Microsporum, Trichophyton, Sporothrix schenckii, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and molds of Malassezia. parasitic infestations of Scabies spp and Demodex sp, bacterial infections of Staphylococcus sp, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Micrococcus luteus. It also can be caused by metabolic disorders such as allergies and diabetes mellitus. Complications from various agents that cause damage to the skin and disruption of the vascularization process to the skin, this causes the occurrence of decay on the skin, causing unpleasant odors, hair loss to ulcers.

During this time the treatment of dermatitis in dogs still uses chemical drugs such as using antibiotics: penicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and anti parasites such as Ivermectin. These drugs have dangerous side effects because the use of drugs such as antibiotics continuously can cause resistance effects to antibiotics so that unexpected side effects occur. also, the use of chemical drugs can produce residues that can pollute the environment.

 Traditional medicine has become a choice used as a treatment for diseases in several parts of the world such as India, China, including Indonesia to deal with diseases in humans and animals. The use of herbal medicines for the treatment of complex dermatitis is very beneficial because the country of Indonesia is rich in herbal ingredients and thrives, besides that the use of herbal medicines will help the public especially pet lovers, farmers by growing herbs that have economic value. Other uses that can be obtained are environmental preservation and protection of rare plants. One of the plants used as traditional medicine is the leaves of the neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss). Mimba is a plant belonging to a shrub / terna plant that thrives in Indonesia. The neem plant in Bali is known by the name "intaran". Components of neem plants are used from various parts of the tree such as leaves, tree bark, roots, seeds made in the form of crude extracts and oils. Neem leaf extract contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, steroids, and ketones. Neem oil is very effective as an antibacterial such as for M. tuberculosis, strains of resistant bacteria streptomycin, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, M. pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, and S. faecalis.

 Several studies have proven that alkaloids and flavonoids have antibacterial activity. Alkaloid compounds are compounds that contain one or more nitrogen atoms which are usually in a combined form. Alkaloids can inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The ability of alkaloids as an antibacterial is strongly influenced by the biological activity of these compounds. Alkaloid compounds utilize the reactive nature of basic groups in inhibiting bacterial growth. Alkaline groups in alkaloids react with amino acid compounds that make up bacterial cell walls. This reaction results in changes in the structure and composition of amino acids that disrupt the composition of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells so that the cell wall layers are not formed intact and cause cell death.

As an anti-fungal, fungal inhibition due to the presence of sulfur, flavonoids, and tannin in neem leaf extracts can reduce the inhibition of fungi. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites found in plants. The mechanism of action of flavonoids in inhibiting the growth of fungi is by disrupting fungal cell membrane permeability. Hydroxyl groups found in flavonoid compounds cause changes in organic components and nutrient transport which will eventually lead to toxic effects on the fungus. Tannins are phenolic derivatives that are lipophilic so that they are easily bound to the fungal cell wall and cause damage to the fungal cell wall. Besides tannin can inhibit the synthesis of chitin which is an important component of fungal cell walls. The inhibition of chitin synthesis causes the growth of fungal hyphae will also be inhibited

REFERENCE :

1. Boro SEE, Suartha IN, Sudimartini LM. 2018.  Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Mimba terhadap Micrococcus Luteus yang Diisolasi dari Anjing Penderita Dermatitis Kompleks.  Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 7(5): 588-596 pISSN : 2301-7848; eISSN : 2477-6637 DOI: 10.19087/imv.2018.7.5.588.
2. Putri ACA, Suartha IN, Merdana IM, Sudimartini LM. 2019. Ekstrak Daun Mimba Efektif terhadap Microsporum gypseum Yang Diisolasi dari Dermatitis pada Anjing. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 7(6):608-615 pISSN:2301-7848; eISSN : 2477-6637 DOI:10.19087/imv.2018.7.6.608.
3. Widyanti AI,  Suartha IN , Erawan IGMK, Anggreni LD, Sudimartini LM. 2018. Hemogram Anjing Penderita Dermatitis Kompleks. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus. 7(5): 576-587 pISSN : 2301-7848; eISSN : 2477-6637 DOI: 10.19087/imv.2018.7.5.576.