BACTERIA IN CATTLE REPRODUCTION TRACT

Cattle are quite widely developed in Indonesia, in Bali itself, Bali cattle are still excellent in modern and traditional breeders. Easy maintenance and a high level of adaptation in Bali cattle is still a major consideration in raising Bali cattle. Just keep behind the house and sometimes just let go freely this Bali cattle can still survive well. In general, Bali cattle besides being fattened and then resold some breeders also breed them with artificial insemination to get their calves. Also, the government is also very active in conducting the Special Effort for Cattle to be Pregnant (UPSUS SIWAB) program to increase the enthusiasm of farmers to raise their beloved Bali cows. However, these cattle breeders get many threats from disease agents, including Brucellosis which can cause abortion or miscarriage.

Not all bacteria can cause diseases such as the case above, some bacteria are also normal flora in the cattle's reproductive tract, microbial flora of the healthy cattle's reproductive tract consists of a combination of aerobic microorganisms, facultative anaerobes, and mandatory anaerobes. Lactobacilli are found to be present in low amounts in the vaginal microbiota, also, Enterobacteriaceae is among the dominant population [1]. The number of bacteria isolated also varies based on the cycles of the estrous of cows that are examined, for example: during the follicular phase (proestrus and estrus) the bacteria most frequently isolated is Bacillus Spp. (22.58%) followed by Corynebacterium Spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. (19.35% each), E. coli and Salmonella (6.45% each), and Micrococcus and vaginal fungi (3.23% each), showing bacterial results that were successfully isolated 18.24% from 170 bacterial isolates. During the luteal (metestrus and diestrus) phase the most dominant bacterium is Staphylococcus spp. (19.05%) followed by Corynebacterium spp. (14.29%), Bacillus spp., E. coli, and Streptococcus spp. (11.90% each), Micrococcus (9.52%), Salmonella (7.14%), and Klebsiella, Proteus and vaginal fungi (4.76% each), 24.71% of bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from a total of 170 bacterial isolates [3]. Whereas [4] successfully isolated Klebsiella sp. A total of 42.85%, followed by Escherichia coli amounting to 28.7%, and each type of Streptococcus sp. And Bacillus sp. 14.28% of 30 vaginal swab samples from Bali cattle.

From the various bacteria found above, it can be seen that the Brucellosis disease caused by Brucella abortus is a type of acquired disease (not normal flora) from the reproductive tract of cattle. According to [2] Sanitation, environmental conditions, the breeding system, and the general conditions of animals influence the colonization of the bacterial ratio of the vagina. Therefore to breed cattle properly it is also good to understand the relationship between bacteria, sanitation, environmental conditions, and the breeding system used.

 Reference

[1]Otero C, Saavedra L, Silva De Ruiz C, Wilde O, Holgado AR, Nader-Macías ME. Vaginal bacterial microflora modifications during the growth of healthy cows. Lett. 2000;31:251–254. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00809.x.

[2] Sheldon, I.M. and Dobson, H. 2004. Postpartum uterine health in cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82- 83:295-306.

[3] Patel, C.I, Panchal, M.T., Dhami, A.J., Bhanderi, B.B. ,Mathakiya, R.A. 2019. Isolation of Bacteria from the Vaginal Aspirates of Cyclic, Acyclic, Endometritic and Pregnant Crossbred Cows. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(3): 536-542

[4] PG, Ketut Tono; SUDIPA, Putu Henrywaesa; SUARJANA, I Gusti Ketut. The Number and Types of Bacteria in the Bali Cattle’s Vagina during Estrus and Pregnant. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 51-56, feb. 2020. ISSN 2622-0571.