LARVA MIGRANS: A POENTIALLY PARASITES TRANMITTED FROM DOG TO HUMAN
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NYOMAN ADI SURATMA
LARVA MIGRANS: A POENTIALLY PARASITES TRANMITTED
FROM DOG
TO HUMAN
Nyoman Adi Suratma
adisuratma@unud.acd.id
Dogs are stated as human friends
from time immemorial, both as pets and help human life. Along with the
development of the era until now, people who keep dogs as pets are increasing
and the relationship between dogs and humans is also increasing. But without us
realizing that there are several disease agents that can be transmitted from
dogs to humans, one of which is a worm parasite called the migrans larvae. Larvae migration are a process of movement (migration) of larvae of worms
in various parts of the body and can have a negative impact according to the
course of the worm larvae. In general migrans larvae originating from dogs are
caused by nematode worms namely Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma. Brazilliense.
Toxocara canis adult worms are commonly found in dogs, especially puppies and
can cause pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs) due to migration of larvae to
the trachea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, coughing and mucus from the nose
and can result in death of migratory larvae caused by Toxocara canis usually
called the Visceral Larva Migrans and Ocular Larva Migrans, because generally
these worm larvae migrate to internal organs and to the eye. Whereas
Ancylostoma adult worm infections in dogs can lead to anemia and even death,
because these worms are blood-sucking. And migrans larvae caused by Ancylostoma
brazilliense are called Cutaneous Larva Migrans (Creeping Eruption), because
these worm larvae generally migrate to the skin.
Infection of visceral larvae migrans and ocular larvae migrans in humans begins with ingestion of embryonic eggs
from Toxocara worms due to the environment or hands contaminated with dog
faeces containing worm eggs. Furthermore, in the stomach, eggs hatch and
release larvae, then penetrate the small intestine, enter the circulation, and
then freely migrate to all organs of the body. In addition, transmission can
also occur due to ingestion of embryonic eggs found in intermediate hosts, such
as earthworms, ants, and other soil invertebrates. Pathogenicity in the host is influenced by several factors,
including infected tissue, where the most sensitive tissue is the liver, lungs,
central nervous system (CNS), and eyes. In addition, the number of migratory
larvae and host age (humans) are also influential factors. In organs generally
larvae will stop and cannot complete their life cycle as in dogs. The larvae
survive in the tissue and eventually die. The result will be an abscess or
granuloma formation. Clinical manifestations depend on tissue damage caused by
infecting larvae and the host's immune response. In the eye, migration of
larvae can damage the retina, stimulating granulomatous reactions leading to
visual impairment.
Visceral Larva
Migrans generally occurs in children under 5 years, characterized by fever;
enlargement and necrosis of the liver, enlargement of the spleen, symptoms of
respiratory disorders (especially bronchospasm, resembling asthma); and even
convulsions. Whereas Ocular Larva Migrans usually occurs in children aged 5 to
10 years and usually appears as a unilateral visual impairment that is
sometimes accompanied by strabismus. In addition, retinal invasion can also
occur, causing granuloma formation which results in distortion, heteropia, or
macular detachment. OLM can also cause diffuse endophthalmitis or papillitis;
glaucoma. In chronic conditions can result in chorioretinitis and end in
blindness.
Cutaneous larva migrans in humans
generally occur in the tropics and sub-tropics, especially in children,
agricultural workers or tourists in contact with sandy soil under the shade of
trees and shady places that are often visited by dogs and cats to defecate big.
Thus the place becomes environment contaminated with hookworm larvae of
animals, so it is a source of infection for humans. Humans are infected by
Ancylostoma caninum larvae or Ancylostoma brasiliense through the skin.
Furthermore, migration larvae through the tissue under the skin form a tunnel
that spreads from one place to another. Resulting in itching and causing a
secondary infection due to scratching. These larvae cannot penetrate the skin
under the skin of humans so the larvae cannot continue the development of their
life cycle, consequently these larvae are trapped in the human skin tissue of
the sufferer until the life span of this worm ends. Aesthetically the skin will
look very bad due to the presence of worm larvae that live under the skin.