THE TRANMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM CATTLE TO HUMANS

THE TRANMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM CATTLE TO HUMANS

Hapsari Mahatmi

Email: sarisuratma@uud.ac.id

Bali is a potential producer of cattle, however, it cannot be separated from various problems, including the possibility of disease infection. One disease that is dangerous and can be transmitted to humans is tuberculosis. With the current situation of free trade and globalization has an impact on the spread of disease more quickly, especially on livestock commodities, not least in Indonesia, so that it can endanger the health of animals and humans. Tuberculosis in cattle is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, M. tuberculosis, M. caprae

Tuberculosis in the general public is known as TB disease, which is one of the infectious diseases that is persistent and chronic and is an important zoonosis in Indonesia. Cow Tuberculosis can be transmitted to various species of animals and humans through the respiratory tract or digestive tract. But transmission through breathing is more common, both with dust inhaled, and discharges from patients who pollute the environment. In addition, transmission from patient's milk cow also often occurs, especially in dairy cows that are anchored for a long time. Various studies have shown that poor environmental and sanitary conditions are a major factor in the spread of tuberculosis in both humans and livestock. Poor environmental conditions, such as high humidity, poor enclosure, and poor feed conditions, are the main causes of this disease. The incubation period can range from several months to years with the severity depending on the individual immune system. Infection causes chronic diseases; clinical signs will appear during periods of increased stress or with age. Organs that can be affected include the lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and intestines. Clinical signs include moist cough, dyspnea, weight loss, anorexia, lymphadenopathy and diarrhea.

According WHO report, Indonesia is the third highest country in the tuberculosis incidence, after India and China, with the contribution of the number of tuberculosis in the three countries more than 50% of all tuberculosis cases that occurred in 22 countries with heavy tuberculosis burden. Tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease, and is the number one cause of death in the infectious disease group and until now Tuberculosis is still the most frightening zoonotic disease in the world. This is because Tuberculosis shows almost no obvious symptoms in cows but is very fatal in humans. So that control measures against this disease in cows is very important.

Prevention of tuberculosis can be done by vaccination, both in cattle and humans, improving environmental conditions that are better and comfortable is the best way to avoid this disease so as not to infect healthy cows, separating sick cows from healthy ones also needs to be done. The treatment effort requires a long time, so the eradication of the cows that are positively affected by attacks is recommended. If the extermination effort is carried out, the carcass of the cow must be buried deep outside the farm location or burned