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THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAKE BUYAN - LAKE TAMBLINGAN NATURE TOURISM PARK AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TOURISM ACTIVITIES
30/07/2020 Views : 298
I Wayan Diara
Nature Tourism Park
Nature tourism park is a nature conservation area which is mainly used for tourism and nature recreation (Undang-undang No.5 Tahun 1990). In general, nature parks in addition to having a function as a conservation area also has the function of protecting the life support system for the surrounding area. Even broader functions can also be a place of natural education and scientific development. In principle, all utilization of biological resources in this area must be utilized sustainably.
To develop the natural tourism park of Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan as an environmentally friendly tourist destination, there are several criteria in the designation and designation of a nature park that must be met, namely:
1) Has a natural attraction in the form of plants, animals or ecosystems of natural phenomena and interesting geological formations;
2) Has sufficient area to guarantee the preservation of potentials and attractions to be utilized for tourism and nature recreation; and
3) The surrounding environmental conditions support efforts to develop natural tourism.
The condition of Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan Nature Tourism Park
Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park area is an old caldera that contains rainwater in the two lakes (Lake Buyan and Lake Tamblingan) that are inside the area, as well as one lake (Lake Beratan) that is outside the area. Those lakes does not have a river as a supplier / filler or drainage. That’s why that two lakes are only filled by springs that are in the vicinity, as well as those from rainwater layers in the surrounding catchment area.
The main catchment area is on the south side of Lake Buyan and Lake Tamblingan and on the east and west sides of Lake Beratan, where the forest conditions are still intact and pristine, namely the Batukahu Nature Reserve and Protection Forest and the Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan Nature Tourism Park. Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park is also an important part of the watershed for the Province of Bali which covers one third of the water resources in the Province of Bali.
The problems that occur in the Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park based on several studies, namely in plain view can be seen clearly, there has been siltation at Lake Buyan. Siltation of a lake occurs due to three things, there are the utilization management of the land that is diverted as a residential and agricultural area, pollution by the use of chemicals, both from household waste and residual disposal from agriculture, and also the occurrence of erosion. The three problems above are interrelated. Diversion function of land around Lake Buyan became the main focus resulting in damage to the environment around the lake and erosion on the surface of the land which then increased sedimentation in Lake Buyan (Harmayani, 2015). Lake Tamblingan area habitat is still natural, that is still found tree stratification while for Lake Buyan area almost all habitats have become agricultural fields (Ratnasari, 2018). Of the various land problems that occur causing a reduction in land cover from forestry plants to agricultural crops, this will certainly affect the potential carbon storage contained in the forest.
Lake Buyan-Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park area was determined based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number 28447 / Menhut-VII / KUH / 2014 dated April 16, 2014 concerning the Determination of Forest Areas in the Mount Batukau Forest Group (RTK.4) with an area of 1,885.38 Ha (BKSDA Bali, 2018). Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan Nature Tourism Park was first established based on the Decree of the Dutch East Indies Government No.28 dated 29 May 1927 as a Tourism Forest, then renewed based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number 144 / Kpts-11/1996 dated 4 April 1996 covering an area of 1,336, 50 Ha as Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park. In 1997 Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park received an increase in area to 1.703 Ha based on the Decree of the Head of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Forestry of the Province of Bali Number 140 / Kwl-5/1997 dated January 22, 1997, then last updated based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number SK.2847 / Menhut-VII / KUH / 2014 dated April 16, 2014 so the large area of Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park is 1,847.38 Ha.
The forest area in Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park is one of the sanctuaries that located on the island of Bali. That’s why the forest area which is located close to the forest area of the Batukahu Nature Reserve plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem, preventing erosion and disasters as well as a source of water in the surrounding area besides having a high value for its biodiversity (Sutomo and Dharma, 2010). Even though the location is close together, there are ecological differences in the structure and composition of the vegetation between the forest in Lake Buyan and the forest in Lake Tamblingan. Lake Buyan forest area has a higher level of species diversity compared to Tamblingan forest area. Supporting vegetation in both areas is natural forest, but in the Lake Buyan area in addition to natural forest, there is also a reforestation plant, Altingia excelsa Noronha.
Lake Buyan Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park is currently managed by the Natural Resources Conservation Resort Lake Buyan Lake Tamblingan which is the Conservation Section I of the Natural Resources Conservation Center of the Province of Bali. At this Resort there are 4 (four) Civil Servants personnel with functional positions as Forestry Police (polhut) and 1 (one) person appointed as Head of Resort. There are 5 (five) Other Forest Safeguards, who are non-government employees personnel The main tasks and functions of the Forestry Police are to carry out protection and security of forests, forest areas, forest products, wild plants and animals; and defend and protect the rights of the state, the people and individuals over forests, forest areas, forest products, plants and wildlife, investments and tools related to forest management. And the task of Forest Safeguards is to help the task of securing the forest and organizing other activities in the NATURE TOURISM PARK of Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park.
Management of Lake Buyan Lake Tamblingan Nature Tourism Park
The forest management activities that have been carried out at Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park are in the form of forest management, utilization and use of forest areas, rehabilitation and protection and nature conservation. Forest management activities, including the division of management zones, namely utilization zones and protection zones, determination of forest area boundaries, inventory, identification, and problem of area conditions, collection of social, economic and cultural data in and around the area, collection of social, economic and cultural data in region and surroundings.
One form of forest management that has been carried out by management is the use of forests in the form of environmental services as nature tourism. This is in line with Government Regulation No. 34 of 2002 concerning Forest Management and the Preparation of Forest Management Plans, Forest Utilization and Forest Area Use, that the use of conservation areas is only in the form of environmental services. Utilization of environmental services is the utilization of the potential of ecosystems, climatic conditions, natural phenomena, species specificity and cultural heritage that are in conservation areas and protected forests.
The products of environmental services found at Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park are jungle tourism, tirta tourism, cultural tourism and education and research tourism. Jungle tourism includes; nature crossing, nature and environment interpretation, recreation, camp, jungle adventure, taking pictures and observing animals. Tirta tourism, namely fishing and canoeing, specifically canoeing is currently only available at Lake Tamblingan alone. Cultural tourism in the form of religious tourism, this is supported by the presence of 20 sacred buildings (temples and pelinggih) scattered in various locations Lake Buyan Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park, among others: Dalem Tamblingan Temple, Ulun Danu Buyan Temple, and others. Educational and research tours, open to individuals and agencies who want to conduct research related to Lake Buyan Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park.
Environmental services at Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park are currently managed by the BKSDA of the Province of Bali. There is cooperation with the buffer villages such as in Lake Buyan, Village-Owned Enterprises Pancasari given the opportunity to manage canteens and tent rentals, the surrounding community provides MCK facilities for tourists. Munduk Village-Owned Enterprises manages entrance fees in the Lake Tamblingan area, while the Fishermen Farmers Group as a provider of canoe tourism services and the Bangkit Bersama Guiding Services Cooperative as a tourism integrator on Tamblingan Lake. The traditional village of Wanagiri utilizes the view of Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park as an attraction for providing selfie photos. The Business License for Utilization of Environmental Services for selfies is being processed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry,
Tourism activities at Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park since 2007 began to be open to the public. Actually, there is already a permit from the Minister of Forestry principle No. SK. 283 / MenhutII / 2007 owned by PT Nusa Bali Abadi for 30 years to manage an area of 20.30 ha in the area. Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park for tourism service business, one of the planned forms of development is the procurement of 25 units of villas, but there are pros and cons between the Bali Provincial Government and the Government of Buleleng, where the Provincial Government of Bali is supported by the people of Pancasari Village and village chess (Munduk, Gobleg, Gesing and Umajero) asked the Minister of Forestry to revoke the principle licenses that had been set. This was done based on the consideration of Perda No. 3/2005 concerning the Bali Spatial Plan,
Rehabilitation activities in the Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park were carried out in the form of reforestation. This can be seen in the supporting vegetation in the forest area of Lake Buyan, there are plantations of Altingia excelsa Noronha (rasamala). There are planting activities carried out by organizations / agencies outside the management, such as activities carried out by the Bali Provincial Environment Agency in the framework of international forest day on March 21 2015 as many as 1,500 saplings of pandak, ampupu, mahogany and rasamala species.
Forest protection as one of the forest management efforts carried out by the management in the form of routine and joint patrol activities. Routine patrol activities are carried out internally by the Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park forest police. Joint patrol activities, involving forestry police from Batukahu CA and several other agencies / organizations such as the police and MMP. Routine patrol activities carried out by the KSDA Resort Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park forest police were constrained by the number of existing forestry personnel.
The absence of implementing restrictions on community accessibility into forest areas is one of the weaknesses for the management in suppressing the threat of damage to the ecosystem in the Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park. There are several activities carried out by the community in the Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park, namely: finding grass as animal feed, looking for firewood, taking compost, fishing and traveling. Forest areas in Lake Buyan – Lake Tamblingan nature tourism park are also not free from forest disturbance triggered by community activities in the forest. Disturbances that occur are illegal logging, forest conversion and erosion. Over the past ten years, disturbances such as illegal logging and forest conversion have been reduced, along with an increase in the community's economy from agricultural products such as strawberries and vegetables.
Indigenous village communities around the forest area, have not been fully involved in environmental management and preservation. So that there are still many people who carry out activities in the forest area, often putting aside environmental sustainability. Until now, there has not been any formation of local wisdom by traditional villages in the management of areas that are considered sacred by indigenous peoples such as forests and lakes.
Various requirements must be considered in managing nature tourism park
1) Forest Management
Forest management implies handling forests with certain functions, namely management of protected forests, management of production forests and management of conservation forests and, more specifically, forest management at a certain level of management unit. Forest Management in protected forest areas and conservation areas is more oriented to how to keep forest ecosystems maintained without producing or cutting down trees in the forest. Production forest management is oriented to the utilization of forest products while maintaining the obligation to restore the forest ecosystem to remain sustainable.
2) Forest utilization
Utilization of production forests is carried out through the granting of area utilization business permits, environmental service utilization permits, timber forest product utilization permits, non-timber forest product utilization permits, timber forest product harvesting business permits and non-timber forest product harvesting business permits, as for business licenses given is as follows:
a.Business licenses for the utilization of production forest areas can be given to individuals and cooperatives.
b. Business license for the utilization of environmental services in production forests can be given to individuals, cooperatives,Indonesian private-owned business entity, state-owned business entity or regionally owned business entity.
c. Business licenses for the utilization of timber forest products in production forests can be given to individuals, cooperatives, Indonesian private-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises or regionally-owned enterprises.
d. Business licenses for the use of non-timber forest products in production forests can be given to individuals, cooperatives, Indonesian private-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises or regionally-owned enterprises.
e. Timber and non-timber forest product collection permit can be given to individuals and cooperatives.
In the context of community economic empowerment, every BUMN, BUMD and BUMSI that obtains a business license for the utilization of environmental services, a business permit for the utilization of timber and non-timber forest products is required to cooperate with local community cooperatives. To guarantee the principles of justice, equity and sustainability, the business license for forest use is limited by considering aspects of forest preservation and business certainty aspects.
Management of forest areas with special objectives can be given to: customary law communities, educational institutions, research institutions and religious social institutions.The use of forest areas for development purposes outside forestry activities can only be done inside production and protected forest areas. The use of forest area can be done without changing the main function of the forest area. The use of forest areas for mining purposes is done through the granting of a lease-to-use permit by the minister by taking into account certain area and time limits and environmental sustainability. In protected forest areas, mining is prohibited from open mining.
3) Forest rehabilitation and reclamation
Forest and land rehabilitation intended to restore, maintain and improve forest functionsland so that the carrying capacity, productivity and its role in supporting the life support system are maintained. Forest and land rehabilitationorganized through activities: reforestation, afforestation, maintenance, enrichment of plants, or the application of vegetative and civil technical technical conservation of land on critical and unproductive lands. Forest and land rehabilitation is carried out based on biophysical specific conditions,prioritizing a participatory approach in order to develop potential and empower communities.
The use of forest areas that cause forest destruction, must be reclaimed and / or rehabilitated in accordance with established patternsby the government. Reclamation in the forest area of the former mining area, must be carried out by the mining permit holderin accordance with the stages of mining activities.Those who use the forest area for interests outside forestry activities that result in surface changes and land cover must pay reclamation and rehabilitation guarantee funds.
4) Forest protection and nature conservation
The implementation of forest protection and nature conservation is aimed at protecting the forest, forest area and its environment, so that the functions of protection, conservation and production are optimally and sustainably achieved. Protection of forests and forest areas isefforts to prevent and limit the destruction of forests, forest areas, and forest products caused by humans, livestock, fires, natural resources, pests and diseases as well as maintaining and protecting the rights of the state, society and individuals over forests, forest areas, produce forests, investments and tools related to forest management.
The government regulates forest protection, both inside and outside the forest area. Forest protection in state forests is carried out by the government, forest utilization permit holders and those who receive forest management authority are required to protect forests in their working area. Protection of forests in private forests is carried out by right holders.
Conclusion
Some things that can be concluded for the development of an environmentally friendly Lake Buyan - Lake Tamblingan Nature Park Management must pay attention and implement well:
a)Forest Management
b) Forest utilization
c) Forest rehabilitation and reclamation
d) Forest protection and nature conservation
Bibliography
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