The Potential of Exophytic Microbes in Control Empty Panicle Disease of Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.)

ABSTRACT
Empty panicle disease found in the study was caused by Fusarium sp. which according to reference is F.moniliformin (the perfect stage is called Gibberella fujikuroi). The microbial colonies of healthy rice leaves found in the predominant fungus were Streptomycetes sp., Aspergillus sp. and Nucordia sp. of 2 x 103 cfu, while the dominant fruit exophyte was Aspergillus sp. of 4 x 103 cfu, as well as for stem exophytes. Then followed by Miselia sterilia for 3 x 103 cfu and Phytophthora sp., Nucordia sp., Fusarium sp. 2 x 103 cfu each. The diversity index obtained from the analysis of exophytic microbes was 2.1622 with a dominance index of 0.9230.The highest inhibitory yield of fruit exophytes was Meselia setrilia at 4 dai (days after inoculation), 6, 8 and 10 dai the inhibitory power was 80 ± 0.58% and 96 ± 0.58% at 6 dai but for 8 and 10 dai each inhibitory power is
100%, while for the highest leaf exophytes achieved by Aspergillus sp. at 6, 8 and 10 dai respectively at 100%, but for exophytes in the stem of Penicillium sp. has the highest inhibitory power at 6 dai, while for 8 and 10 dai obtained from microbes Streptomycetes sp., Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp. each with a 100% inhibitory power. In vitro inhibition of leaf endophytic microbes against pathogens was only Stigmina sp. and Aspergillus sp. has the highest inhibitory power when 10 dai, respectively 88.89 ± 0.13% and 88.89 ± 0.12%. 

KEYWORDS: empty panicle, exophyte microbes, diversity and dominance index, and inhibition.