BioeBioethanol from Banana Peel (Musa paradisiacal L.) with Concurrent Saccharification and Fermentation

The population that has a tendency to always increase creating facilities in an effort to meet the needs of life such as creating industrial technology, transportation that has an impact on the utilization of fossil fuels mainly from non-renewable existence, therefore we need a solution to create sustainable alternative fuels. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel that can be used directly / pure or mixed with oil that has been tried on conventional vehicles. Alternative fuels must meet several criteria including environmentally friendly to meet energy requirements significantly, requiring energy in the process that does not exceed results.

The material used so far is food, but will cause competition between food and fuel production so that it prefers waste-based materials, namely banana peels which are the waste material of a fried food seller, making jam which is very abundant. This research is also an alternative in processing and managing the banana peel waste.

Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass originating from agricultural / forestry residues, urban waste has produced ethanol a lot by developing technology for pretreatment of raw materials, enzyme production and hydrolysis with enzymes. There are several ways you can do that is chopping and crushing ingredients into small pieces or flour to reduce crystalline levels, porosity of acid / base hydrolysis, to remove lignin or break down polysaccharides into glucose monomers, the whole process is known as saccharification, fermentation using Saccharomyses fungus serevisiae producing cellulase enzymes convert to bioethanol.

The method used is to use hydrolysis pretreatment with NaOH 6% w / v which is factorial with three concentrations of urea (CO (NH₂)₂), namely 0, 1, 2 w / v which aims to determine the effect of pretreatment and without pretreatment on levels bioethanol, knowing the effect of urea concentration on bioethanol levels, knowing the combination of treatments that produce the highest bioethanol. This research also tries to speed up the reaction by combining the saccharification and fermentation processes simultaneously (SFS) because it has the advantage of being a faster reaction as well as saving enzymes, saving sterilization, and yielding products will be higher.

The results of the study after being analyzed with ANOVA software Minitab 17 showed that initial treatment with NaOH 6% w / v did not increase bioethanol levels, the addition of urea increased bioethanol levels, the combination of treatment without pretreatment with urea by 1 and 2% w / v produced the highest levels of bioethanol as much as 4,915 v / v.