UTILIZATION OF MARKET ORGANIC WASTE AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR MAKING SINGLE CELL PROTEIN TOWARDS THE PROVISION OF MEAT IN THE NEW COVID 19

UTILIZATION OF MARKET ORGANIC WASTE AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR MAKING SINGLE CELL PROTEIN TOWARDS THE PROVISION OF MEAT IN THE NEW COVID 19

Covid 19 pandemic which penetrated almost all countries. This gave a severe blow in every sector of human life. Not only in the Health sector, Education is also included in the food supply sector. The impact of these sectors is increasingly being felt by the community. In the Health Sector, in addition to efforts to limit the spread of the corona virus through external defenses such as the use of masks, social distancing, using handzaniteser, hand washing, it is also important to have an inner shield involving the body's immune response. The immune system will function properly if the body gets enough nutrition. Protein is an important source of nutrition to generate the body's immune response. Enough protein intake, one of which can be sourced from meat. Proteins contribute to the formation of immune cells as a defense against the entry of foreign antigens such as covid virus 19.

                People in the era of new normal covid 19 hope to consume meat at an affordable price and good quality. Therefore efforts need to be made, how the government can increase production in the livestock sector. Provision of commercial feed (concentrate) with sufficient protein sources becomes important as a nutrient intake for livestock. The source of protein in concentrate feed, can be sourced from single cell protein (single cell protein / SCP). The term single cell protein refers to dried microorganism cells such as algae, molds, yeast that are grown on a large scale to be used as a source of protein in food and feed. Microbial protein is expected to be able to contribute to meet the needs of protein, so as to reduce the use of protein derived from soybeans and fish.

There are two interesting things in breeding microorganisms that are used as single cell proteins. First the growth rate of microorganisms is much faster when compared to the growth of animals and plants and secondly various materials can be considered as suitable substrates depending on the microorganisms chosen as single cell proteins. The main strategy related to the selection of ingredients as a substrate is the consideration of using low quality waste materials or using carbohydrates that are easily obtained to produce microbial materials containing high-quality protein. Equally important is the technology used which involves the fermentation technology, the formulation of the medium, the growth conditions in the fermenter and the technique of separating the cell mass from the fermentation medium.

Many raw materials can be considered as sources of carbon for the production of single cell proteins, including traditional market waste. The traditional market as the largest producer of waste every day with activities in the market that is a place to improve the economy with buying and selling activities between traders and buyers indirectly causes a diverse pile of garbage from the traditional market. Piles of garbage in traditional market areas are more dominated by organic waste, which reaches above 80 percent of almost every market. If not managed properly it can cause environmental problems. Handling of waste that has always relied on the final approach, which is moving waste from one place to another (TPS / TPA). Handling garbage like this is the same as moving the problem from one place to another. It is wise if organic waste originating from traditional markets is used as a substrate to produce single cell proteins. Of course it is necessary to study the nutritional composition so that what types of microbes are suitable to be developed as a source of microbial protein.

In increasing the mass of microbial cells, in addition to carbon sources needed as an energy source also requires nitrogen, phosphorus, mineral nutrients and vitamins. For sources of nirogen that are suitable in developing single cell proteins are ammonia, nitrates, urea, and organic nitrogen sources such as protein hydrosylates. The ratio between carbon and nitrogen sources in the media formulated to develop single cell proteins is 10: 1. In the application of multiplication of single cell proteins can be done using the fermentor method, this depends on microorganisms developed as single cell proteins. Technology in the production of microbial cells for feed is applied on an ongoing basis, and the Tower fermenters with air transport systems.

Besides being a single cell protein used for feed, it is also used as a food ingredient that functions as a flavor maker, a binder of fat and water. Research on feeding of broilers and pigs shows the importance of adding Yeast SCP results. It was reported that the highest efficiency for broiler feed conversion was achieved, if 7 to 15% of SCP yield was used in the ration, but up to 25% content could be given in broiler rations with 0.03ppm selenium added.