Quantity of Blood Cells and their Components as Biological Dosimeters on The Radiation Workers

With the increasing public need for radiation services such as the current condition has been responded by the Hospital, with the addition of sophisticated medical equipment in the form of radiological equipment for diagnostics and therapy. Radiation workers have the potential to receive occupational radiation exposure with an equivalent dose amount that can exceed or approach the allowable dose limit value. Routinely all radiation workers in radiation monitoring use physical dosimeters, such as TLDs, film badges and others. While the monitoring of biological aspects is based on biological parameters such as biomarkers as indicators of damage on the body due to radiation exposure.

On the natural conditions, a decrease in the number of components of blood cells due to food consumption or infection is always returned to the normal range by the activity of potential pluri stem cell division within the bone marrow. Radiation inhibits the activity of stem cell division can even stop it, depending on the dose of radiation received. Besides circulating blood cells will experience interphase death. Thus there will be a decrease in the number of blood cells rapidly depending on the level of radiosensitivity.

          On the higher doses, exposed individuals will be death as a result of infection due to decreased leukocyte counts or from bleeding that cannot be stopped due to decreased platelet counts. Where  the leukocytes are very sensitive with effects of ionizing radiation that will cause biological changes in tissue in the form of direct damaging actions on macro biological molecules and indirect actions through DNA that result in radiation workers.

Radiation workers dominated in the age range 31-40 years are the productive for workers. Quantity of blood cells (HGB, RBC, WBC) and WBC components of radiation workers in general are still in the range of normal blood cell quantity. If you look on the results of the quantity of blood cells on the age range of radiation workers, the stochastic effect tends to appear on the productive age, namely the age of 31-40 years. Whereas on the 21-30 years it is still normal due to the relatively new mass of work. But on the 41-50 tends to approach the emergence of deterministic effects, this can be understood because the mass of work that has been quite long. Where the longer the radiation field is the faster the deterministic effect shows its response to the cells of the human body. So it is very important that there is a biological indicator of radiation that can be used as a dosimeter.