IDENTIFICATION OF ANTRACNOSA FUNGUS CAUSES IN SIAM KINTAMANI CROPS

Biological disease control uses biopesatisida, which is divided into 2 namely bio-pesticides and bio-pesticides. Vegetable biopesticides are biopesticides based on plant organ extracts that are able to control pests (plant-disturbing organisms). Biopesticides are biopesticides based on microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi that are biologically capable of controlling pests.

Vegetable biopesticides are sourced from leaves, fruits, seeds, tubers, and roots that contain secondary metabolites and have toxic properties against certain pests and diseases. Pesticides are generally used to control pests and diseases. Biological pesticides are formulations based on certain microbes in the form of fungi, bacteria, and viruses that are antagonistic to other microbes that cause plant diseases. Biological pesticides contain certain compounds that are pathogenic fungal poisons. (Andra, 2013 and Suprapta, 2014)

Microscopic observations of the kintamani conjoined citrus fruit obtained with a white gray fungus colony. Biopesticides can be classified into various types based on their function and origin. The classification is as follows: (1) biological fungicide (biofungicide) functions to kill pathogenic fungi. Some biofungicides that have been used are: Trichoderma sp spores used to control white root disease in rubber plants and fusarium wilt in chilies. Glicladium roseum and G virens species to control root rot in chili due to fungal attack.

In the Kintamani conjoined citrus fruit with symptomatic anthracnose disease, it can be observed macroscopically to find a fungus with a grayish white colony. Microscopic observations under a microscope show the existence of insulated and branched fungal hyphae. Oval or cylindrical spores with rounded edges. This indicates that the pathogenic fungus is the fungus Coletotricum gloeosporioides. The fungus is classified as the Deuterumycetes Clas, the order of Melanconiales. The microscopic features of the genus Colelletotricum are hyphae insulated 1 or 2 but often are not insulated with grayish white fungus colonies. Spores appear transparent with rounded edges measuring approximately 10-16 microns. Fungal growth of Colletotricu sp. It starts with the formation of a white mycelium colony and slowly turns grayish white and from the hyphae will form an oval conidia. The fungal infection process Colletotricum sp begins with the process of spore germination on the surface of the plant organs, the fruit organs. The next stage is the process of penetration characterized by the formation of intra hyphal tissue that spreads through plant organ tissue (Dicman, 2001; Rusli et al., 1997).

Fungal hyphae of C. gloeosporioides enter plant tissue when they are damaged. The pathogenic Colletotricum sp fungi survive by colonizing tissue intercellularly. Colletotricum sp tends to produce latent infections in raw citrus fruits. This is due to the fact that it is still rich in organic acids and phenol compounds and poor in carbohydrates. Conversely, in ripe fruits, it is rich in carbohydrates and poor in organic acids. During the ripening of the fruit the sprouts Colletotricum sp. sprout tubes begin to develop and penetrate the cuticles and epidermis. Hifa invades plant tissue further. Finally, the fruit organs cause symptoms of anthracnose disease in the form of round brown spots and their expansion is very fast.