DOMINANT FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN BENOA, BALI

As an island that is well-known in foreign countries as a beautiful and comfortable tourism destination, Bali Island really needs to implement a program to save the environment in a consistent and integrated manner. This is not only important for promotion in the field of tourism, but it has broad implications that show how the behavior of Balinese people in protecting their environment is influenced by values ​​believed by their people. Based on the analogy, the influence of Balinese beliefs based on Hinduism has a direct bearing on Bali's environmental conditions. Various compliments of the enchanting natural beauty of Bali and the unique and peaceful culture of the people are often delivered by writers and researchers both from within the country and overseas. The term as the Island of the Gods reflects the condition of Balinese society which is very religious and its life is full of sacred religious values. Beautiful panorama is the embodiment of the designation of the Island of Heaven which gave rise to a very grand image of the natural conditions on the island of Bali.

Environmental pollution is a real threat that should not be ignored anymore if we want to continue to maintain the sustainability of the lives of Balinese people. The concept of sustainable development that provides a balance between economic development and environmental preservation must be used as a basic reference in all policies taken by the government. Meanwhile, business people and the community must, of course, integrated try to help economic development programs and save the environment wisely in a variety of ways that are able and can be done. This paper will describe some basic things that must be used as a reference in saving the future of Bali from destruction due to its increasingly polluted environment.

Environmental pollution is an increasingly important issue to discuss because it does not merely disrupt public health but has become widespread disruption to the quality of life. The existence of environmental pollution shows the way that work is not neat and immature in long-term planning and weak governance systems that implement policies / regulations that must be enforced.

Environmental pollution and damage can affect and reduce the function and quality of the environment. In the Provincial Regulation of Bali Province Number 4 of 2005 concerning Control of Pollution and Environmental Damage, it is explained that due to the increasing development activities in Bali, there is a risk of pollution and environmental damage caused by waste discharged into environmental media. Several results of environmental profile studies in each regency / city, show that environmental quality in Bali has decreased beyond the environmental quality standard threshold.

As an international tourism destination, Bali is very open with the arrival of people from all over the world who have diverse ideological backgrounds, with different interests. Technological developments that flow easily and quickly, followed by the dissemination of information about all things both positive and negative, as well as capital outflows for investment or speculation have an influence on changes in environmental conditions in the Benoa Bay Area.

The link between the production of solid waste and liquid waste from production activities in the Benoa Bay Area of ​​Bali which resulted in environmental pollution is outlined in a survey of community perspectives in the Sanur, Kuta and Nusa Dua Regions on environmental quality. Most of the respondents interviewed (36.67%) in the study stated that community behavior that does not care about environmental conditions by littering as the behavior most responsible for environmental pollution.

             In the study also explained that besides waste, household waste such as kitchen waste, bathroom waste, and industrial waste are other factors that cause environmental pollution. As many as 25.33% of respondents in the study said that household liquid waste was the dominant factor causing environmental pollution.

Household waste originating from kitchen and bathroom activities flows directly into the river / gutter, which finally brings all kinds of pollutants to the sea waters. The condition of sewers in dirty and smelly urban areas is increasingly damaged by carelessly dumped rubbish heaps. In the rainy season, sewers are clogged with garbage causing water flow to be blocked, causing flooding. This situation happens almost every year without any significant changes. Moreover, the government's low readiness and the budget prepared by the government to tackle environmental pollution is very inadequate.

Field observations indicate that there are a number of activities that have the potential to produce large amounts of waste and waste such as port service activities at the Benoa Harbor; Ngurah Rai International Airport activities; Pesanggaran PLTD / PLTG power plant activities; Pesanggaran / Suwung TPA; the impact of the reclamation of the Attack; water flow from Tukad Badung and Tukad Mati; and trade, business and transportation activities. In addition, community activities that live in villages / villages around the Benoa Bay Area such as in the District of South Denpasar, District of Kuta and District of South Kuta provide a major contribution to environmental pollution because of throwing garbage and waste water directly into the environment. Seen from all the activities in the Benoa Bay area of ​​Bali that cause environmental pollution there are complex and interrelated conditions of one activity with other activities.

On the other hand, due to the very rapid development of tourism development, the area of ​​South Bali and its surroundings is increasingly being targeted by investors to become the location of hotels and other tourism facilities. Foreign and domestic investment to Bali, which amounted to 607.5 billion rupiah in the period 1967-1999, made a significant physical change in Bali. Most or 59.5 percent of the total investment was planted in Badung Regency and 23.2 percent was planted in Denpasar City. The rest is spread in several districts and even Bangli Regency does not get any investment at all.

Investment disparity is reflected in facilities built in the Benoa Bay Area with other regions. Based on Bali Province Bappeda data in 1998, up to 1997 there were 747 star and non-star hotels built in the South Bali Region. Of these, 147 units or 19.7 percent were built in Denpasar City and 313 units or 41.9 percent were built in Badung Regency. Physical changes that occur are the conversion of large tracts of land from agricultural areas, fields or plantations to hotel areas and supporting facilities. Changes in the landscape have a negative impact on changes in environmental quality.The centralization of economic activities in an area will trigger a population density that wants to exploit the economic potential, which in turn causes the accumulation of environmental problems that cause disruption to the comfort of human life. The concentration of development in Badung Regency and Denpasar City has caused migration from rural areas to the two districts. There is a high degree of inequality in the growth of rural and urban populations. Cities in the Province of Bali experienced an average population growth of 5.17 percent per year. Conversely, rural areas have decreased by minus 1.23 percent per year. The relatively high growth of urban population is due to the relatively large number of inward migration to Bali.

Their view of the world and the cosmos based on the importance of the position of water and land in the organization of the organization such as subak, banjar, and traditional villages began to change. The splendor of the implementation of religious rites, the existence of traditional villages, and the diversity of artistic creativity were only able to fulfill the quantity function, while the value and value of the perceived value were increasingly marginalized. More than that, there has been a process of profanation of religious rituals in the activities of religious rituals due to pressure from changes in people's thinking patterns that are becoming increasingly pragmatic.

  A high level of population density can increase a person's apathetic behavior. In addition, helping behavior tends to decrease in an area that has a high population density. In apathetic situations, the programs related to the environment are increasingly ignored by the community because they are experiencing pressure due to high population density. Therefore, it can be concluded that the dominant factor causing environmental pollution in the Benoa Bay Area, Bali is a very high increase in population resulting in an increase in waste generation and waste, as well as a reduction in community mutual support due to community apathy.