SUSTAINABILITY PLASMA NUTFAH BALI PIG

Background

    The development of animal husbandry in Bali is now beginning to encourage both ruminant livestock such as cattle, goats, buffaloes, and sheep as well as non-ruminant animals such as pigs, chickens, and so on. Pigs are one of the livestock communities that have been maintained for a long time by the community. Based on its genetic potential, breeding pigs can be divided into three types namely: broilers, fat-type pigs, and dual-purpose pigs. Bali pigs when viewed from their genetic potential produce a lot of fat so that Bali pigs are closer to fat type pigs. The characteristics of Balinese pigs like these are very potential to become rolled pigs because the composition of the folds of fat after the skin will give the aroma and texture of the bolsters very good. This is why people will choose Bali pigs to be rolled over other pigs.

    Bali pigs in Bali have a very important socio-cultural status. For ceremonial activities and ceremonial materials many use pork, in addition to meeting the needs for religious ceremonies, pork is also used in various social activities. Bali pigs are very suitable to be kept by housewives in Bali as piggy bank or banyu mat because by providing potluck and utilization of kitchen waste (banyu and so on) Bali pigs have been able to provide good weight gain.

    When observed from the various types of pigs in Indonesia today besides Bali babli also scattered Nias pigs, wild pigs, Duroc pigs, Landrace pigs, Polish China, Sadle Back, and so on. The pigs mentioned above have different characteristics and appearance. Balinese pigs have a unique appearance that is their backs are concave and their stomachs sometimes reach the ground. Based on its genetic potential and the characteristics of Balinese pigs, as a source of germplasm, Bali pigs really need to be protected.

    Judging from the percentage of meat produced, the characteristics of Balinese pigs are considered to be unfavorable because of the potential to produce less meat and the number of children (litter size) produced is small. Therefore the government through the Animal Husbandry Service in .......... began implementing the Bali pig up gradding program. The program is carried out by crossing between Bali pigs and Saddle back pigs. The program was able to improve the quality of cross-bred pork and cross-pig ferpormans also underwent changes. Since the implementation of the up gradding program, crossbreeding pigs have spread throughout Bali. As a result, it is currently very difficult to get an authentic Balinese pig. Based on the geographical conditions of Bali as a relatively small archipelago it can be predicted that the possibility of Balinese pigs can be found in Nusa Penida District, Klungkung Regency.

    Data from the Department of Animal Husbandry of Bali, especially regarding livestock population by type per district / city in 2005 showed that most pigs raised by the Balinese are in Buleleng regency, then Karangasem, Gianyar, and Tabanan. In other districts the pig population is still below 100,000. Compared to 2001, there was a decrease in pig population in 2005, from 936237 to 854919. The pig population data does not distinguish how many Bali pigs and other pigs.

    One type of ceremony in Bali requires the use of a butuc kucit selem (male piglets whose skin is black and not castrated). Such piglets are now difficult to obtain.

In summary from the description above it can be concluded that Balinese pigs need to be maintained because: as a source of germplasm, the population is almost extinct, a good producer of swine, suitable as a banyu mat, has socio-cultural status for the Balinese people.

Problem

    From the background above, the problems that emerge are:

    1. How to preserve Balinese pigs as a source of Bali germplasm?

    2. What policies are needed for the preservation of Bali pigs?

Recommendation

    Based on the above problems, the things that can be recommended include:

    1. It is necessary to conduct a study on mapping the population of Bali pigs to prepare Bali pig conservation policies.

    2. It is necessary to purify Balinese pigs through pig breeding technology so that genetic pig purity in Bali can be believed.

    3. It is necessary to draft regulations on the Bali pig breeding business and the existence of an area specifically designated for the preservation of Bali pigs.