Changes in various functions of the organs in the body due to the aging process results in the elderly being susceptible to diseases or degenerative conditions, such as dementia. Dementia is a decrease in 2 or more cognitive capacities, which can cause disruption in the function of remembering, thinking and daily behavior (Bernie Coope & Richards, 2014; Langa, 2018; P. v Rabins & Blass, 2014a) Dementia is a syndrome or a collection symptoms, not a specific disease (P. v Rabins & Blass, 2014b). There are several types of dementia, namely Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementia (Langa, 2018). Although dementia occurs in the elderly population group, but a collection of symptoms is not normal in the elderly. The number of elderly population (elderly) increases progressively, ie it is projected that their number will increase from 524 million in 2010 to 1.5 billion in 2050 (National Institutes of Health, 2011) Increasing the number of elderly people will also increase the number of people with dementia, currently there 50 million people experience dementia, and there are almost 10 million new cases occur each year (WHO, 2019). So that it is estimated that in 2030 the number of people with dementia will reach 82 million and 152 million in 2050 (WHO, 2019).

    In Indonesia, as is the case with global conditions, the population is now entering a period of aging (aging population), a period in which the percentage of the elderly reaches 10%, because currently the percentage of elderly people has reached 9.7% (Ministry of Health, 2019). Similar to the case of dementia, as the number of elderly increases, it is estimated that the number of people with dementia in Indonesia will also increase. In 2013 the number of people with dementia was around 1 million, and it is predicted to double by 2030, and to 4 million by 2050 (Ministry of Health, 2016).

    Dementia occurs when the brain is damaged, and the impact of the damage depends on the area of ​​the brain affected by the disease. The brain consists of four lobes, namely the frontal lobe (front), temporal lobe (side), parietal lobe (upper back) and occipital lobe (lower back) (Watchman, 2017). Each lobe regulates different bodily functions, for example in the frontal brain (frontal) regulating behavior, making decisions and solving problems. If there is damage to the frontal area then the individual loses his ability to make decisions, or will show inappropriate behavior (Filley, 2016) resulting in a higher level of patient dependence (Dening, 2019; Filley, 2016; P. v Rabins & Blass, 2014a; Watchman, 2017). Caring for patients with dementia conditions burdens families and communities both emotionally and financially (Rabins & Blass, 2014). However, until now there is no treatment that can cure or eliminate dementia completely, but the current treatment is to improve the symptoms that exist (Filley, 2016). What is needed in dementia management is primarily to maximize the function and well-being of patients and their families (Schüssler & Lohrmann, 2017).

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Coope, Bernie, & Richards, F. A. (2014). ABC of dementia. Hoboken, NJ: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley.

Coope, Bernie, & Richards, F. A. (2014). ABC of dementia (Bernie Coope & F. A. (Felicity A. Richards, Eds.) [Book]. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley ;

Dening, K. H. (2019). Differentiating between dementia, delirium and depression in older people. Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain): 1987).

Filley, C. M. (2016). White Matter Dementia. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139548878

Langa, K. M. (2018). Cognitive Aging, Dementia, and the Future of an Aging Population. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press.

National Institutes of Health. (2011). Global health and aging. National Institutes of Health Publication, 11, 7737.

Rabins, P. V. , Lyketsos, C. G. , & Steele, C. (2016). Practical dementia care. (3rd edition / Pet...; P. v. Rabins, C. G. Lyketsos, & C. Steele, Eds.) [Book]. New York]: Oxford University Press.

Rabins, P. v, & Blass, D. M. (2014a). Dementia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161(3), ITC1–ITC1. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-3-201408050-01002

Rabins, P. v, & Blass, D. M. (2014b). Dementia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161(3), ITC1–ITC1. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-3-201408050-01002

Schüssler, Sandra., & Lohrmann, Christa. (2017). Dementia in Nursing Homes (1st ed. 2017..; S. Schüssler & C. Lohrmann, Eds.) [Book]. Cham: Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer.

Shih, R. A. (2014). Improving dementia long-term care : a policy blueprint (R. A. Shih, P. Soriano, T. W. Concannon, J. L. Liu, E. M. Friedman, & issuing body Rand Corporation, Eds.) [Book]. Santa Monica, California: RAND.

Watchman, K. (2017). Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia : A Guide for Families. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ed/detail.action?docID=4784942