Japanese Dative Case

Japanese is a file or signed language. The case concept in Japanese language is related to the system of independence. The term of the case or marked can be seen from the structure of Japanese language sentences that use markers or particles. The marker or particle Japanese language functions to explain the relationship between words in a sentence. The basic principle of particles or in the teaching of Indonesian (BI) is known as the preposition. Prepositions or prepositions refer to the existence of particles in front of words, whereas in Japanese language these particles are behind words or often called postpositions.

Particles are used as case markers and are needed to fulfill grammatical functions. Thus, it can be said that particles are the role of grammatical semantics. Particles function to explain the relationship between words in a sentence and give a semantic role to the nouns they attach to.

Related to Japanese language dative structure, it is also related to the theory of Grammar Case (TGC) which is widely used as a scalpel in a grammar study of a language case. The TGC theory was pioneered by Fillmore (1968), developed by Chafe (1970), then further developed by Cook (1979). Cook's development and modification in TGC only used five cases, namely (1) Agent (A); (2) Experiencer (E); (3) Benefactive (B); (4) Object (O); and (5) Locative (L).

Some of the research that deals with dative cases are:

1) Shibatani (2012) with his research entitled "Grammatical Relations and Surface Cases", describes grammatical relations by type and case. Based on the type, there are three types, namely (a) Subject (SU), (b) Direct Object (DO), and (c) Indirect Object (IO), and based on any case, there are three cases, namely (a) Nominative (NOM-Ga), (b) Accusative (ACC-O), and (c) Datif (DAT-Ni). Shibatani refers to research conducted by Kiparsky & Staal (1969), Fillmore (1968), and Chomsky (1965).

2) Miyagawa & Tsujioka (2004) in their study entitled "Argument Structure and Transitive Verbs in Japanese", discusses the construction of double object construction (DOC). The theory used is the semantic theory of Bresnan (1978), Ochrle (1978), Larson (1988) and structural theory from Barss & Lasnik (1986).

3) Sugai (2000), in his research entitled "Kakujoshi ni no Imi Tokusetsu ni Kansuru Oboegaki" describes the characteristics of BJ dative markers [ni] from a semantic perspective. Theories and approaches used are those of Masuoka, Takubo (1987), Yamanashi (1994a), Kageyama (1996), Kamio (1980), Shirota (1993), and Takezawa (1995).

4)  Sadakane & Koizumi (1995) in their study entitled "On the Nature of the Dative Particles [ni] in Japanese" explains the context of markers' behavior [ni].

That in every Japanese language sentence that has verb elements, of course it has arguments and generally the co-constituents are nouns. The close relationship between verbs and constituents is semantically due to the presence of markers who follow the verbs to the relevant co-constituents.

References:

Chafe, W. L. 1970. Meaning and the Structure of Language. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

Cook, W. A. 1979. Case Grammar: Development of the Matrix Model Washington, DC:

           Georgetown University Press.

Fillmore, Ch. 1968. “The Case for Case”. Dalam: Bach, E. & R.T. Harms (ed.)

Universal in Linguistic Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1-88.

Miyagawa, S. & Tsujioka, T. 2004. ‘Argument Structure and Ditransitive Verbs in Japanese dalam Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13, Nedtherlans

Shibatani, M.  2012. Grammatical Relations and Surface Cases. USA: Linguistic Society of America  

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

Sugai, K. 2000. ‘Kakujoshi ni  no Imi Tokusetsu ni Kansuru Oboegaki’ dalam Hyougo Kyouikudaigaku Kenkyuu Kiyou Vol. 20

Sadakane, K. & Koizumi, M. 1995. ‘On The Nature of The “Dative” Particle ni in Japanese’. University of Arizona