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SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE POLYMORPHISM (5-HTT), MONOAMINE OXIDASE A (MAOA), AND PARENTING STYLES ARE ANTISOSIAL BEHAVIOR RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN
Funding period : - Active
Abstrak
Nowadays, many children are involved in risky behavior. The number of cases of kriminal acts committed by children is increasing, The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reports that around 5,000 children in Indonesia are faced before the courts every year. During this time the method for determining children as chronic kriminals was still ambiguous and viewed from the sociology point of view of. Specific monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene markers in male sex are currently used as gene markers for male aggression. In genetic research the environment is one of the faktors that influence a person's behavior. Based on the data above, it is necessary to conduct research that can reveal genetic interactions with the environment (parenting style) against antisosial behavior in children, in this case the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) and MAOA gene polymorphisms.
This study uses two research designs, cross sectional design and case-control design. The target population in this study were children aged 12-18 years who behaved antisosially based on The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorder-5 (DSM-5) and psychiatric interviews. The research material for the 5-HTT and MAOA genetic polymorphime is peripheral blood, obtained from children with antisosial and normal behavior. To assess parenting style in this study, the child care parenting questionnaire was used. Data analysis will be presented in descriptive statistics, carrying out bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis.
A total of 93 children were analyzed, with 44 cases and 49 controls. The short-range 5-HTT gene polymorphism was significantly associated with antisosial behavior in children (OR 13,429; 95% CI 2,871-62,805; p <0,0001). MAOA gene polymorphism low activity was significantly associated with antisosial behavior in children (OR 0,289; 95% CI 0,122-0,685; p 0,004). Environmental interactions (exposed parenting style) with short allele 5-HTT polymorphisms increased the risk of antisosial behavior in children (OR 17,988,; 95%CI 3,540-91,401; P <0,0001). Environmental interactions (exposed parenting style) with short allele 5-HTT polymorphisms reduced the risk of antisosial behavior in children (OR 0,214,; 95%CI 0,077-0,594; P 0,003). Meanwhile parenting style are not significantly associated with antisosial behavior.
Referring to these results, the 5-HTT gene polymorphism can be used as a marker of a person's vulnerability to antisosial behavior and can be used as a legal consideration in kriminal cases against children. Treatment of antisosial behavior as indicated by an increase in the amount of serotonin in the synapses can be reviewed.