EFFORTS TO ORGANIZE THE "BUJANGSETA" SIAM ORANGE AND THE QUALITY OF THE FRUIT IS INCREASED WITH THE APPLICATION OF BREEDING DORMERS AND BALANCED FERTILIZER

Siam orange (Citrus nobilis var. Microcarpa Hassk) is classified as the most cultivated type of orange in Indonesia and dominates 60% of the national and regional citrus market. Naturally flowering and fruiting of Siam orange is seasonal so that the fruit harvest is seasonal, when in season there is a large supply of fruit but the price is cheap, otherwise outside the harvest season (off-season) there is no fruit in the market. Seasonal fruit harvesting is caused by the time of flowering all the buds / twigs occur together in a relatively narrow time so that the plants bear fruit with a short fruit harvest period (only 2-3 months). This happens because the tips of the branches as a place to grow flowers experience a period of dormancy / rest (dormancy) and must wait for the right environmental factors (temperature and humidity) in order to transition from vegetative branches to generative branches. These conditions can be overcome by regulating the flowering and fruiting with the application of shoot-breaking dormancy substances so that Siamese oranges can bear fruit throughout the year (Bujangseta). In order for Siam Bujangseta oranges and the quality of the fruit to increase, the application of shoot buds breaking substance needs to be combined with balanced fertilization, which is fertilized with organic fertilizer, macro fertilizer and micro fertilizer with the right dosage.  The long-term goal of this research is to find the best siam orange cultivation technology package so that its production is high, the fruit can be available throughout the year, and the quality is high so that it can fill the tourism market, even it can be traded between islands and exports. While the short-term goal is to find technology for Siam Bujangseta oranges with good fruit quality. This research was a factorial 2 factor experiment with 6 replications, using a randomized block design.  The first factor, application of shoot dormancy breaking agent consists of 3 levels (control, BAP, and KNO3), while the second factor, fertilization consists of 3 levels (control / only fertilized with organic fertilizer, fertilized with organic fertilizer + fertilized with macro fertilizer, and fertilized with organic fertilizer + macro fertilizer + micro fertilizer). The observed variables included when flowering began, development of the number of flowers and fruit, leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content of the leaf, percentage of fruit set, number and weight of fruit per harvest and per tree, as well as various fruit quality variables (weight per fruit, fruit diameter , total dissolved solids, vitamin C content, and acid content).

Keywords: Siam siam, bud dormancy breaker, balanced fertilization