Effects of 80% Ethanol Extract of Calliandra calothyrsus Leaves on Reproduction of Prepubertal and Ovariectomized White Female Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

The research is a grant for two years (2017-2018). The first year study (2017), examined Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extract on prepubertal female rats. The preliminary study was the preparation of simplicia and extraction process of the leaves, followed by testing the extract of post-weaning (prepubertal) female rats. The results showed the phytoestrogen potential of C. calothyrsus leaf extract. There was a significant increase in estrogen hormone levels at a dose of 75 mg/kg bw extract in up to 42 days, although the body weight of rats dropped significantly with increasing dose and the length of treatments. The dose of extract was not significant, but the age at which the extract was given affected ovarian RNA levels, as well as the uterine DNA and RNA levels of prepubertal female rats. In year II (2018), standardization and phytochemical screening of C. calothyrsus leaf extract was followed by testing in ovariectomized female rats as models of menopausal women. Based on phytochemical screening, C. calothyrsus leaf extract qualitatively contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and phytosterols (standardization of powders and extracts meets the criteria of Indonesian Herbal Farmacopoeia). The extract caused a decrease in LDL levels and total blood cholesterol as well as an increase in estrogen hormone levels. An extract dose of 75 mg/kg bw increased the concentration of DNA and uterine RNA of female ovariectomized rats.