EFFECT OF KELE HONEY (Trigona Sp) IN MALONDYALDEHIDE AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE SERUM AND HEPATIC TISSUE OF WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) EXPOSED TO CIGARETTES SMOKE.

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 constituents including tar, nicotine, carbonic monoxide, heavy metals, etc. Cigarette smoke is a source of exogenous free radicals. The accumulation of free radicals causes an imbalance of the endogenous antioxidant body system triggering oxidative stress as a risk factor for various degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving stingless bee honey to of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in serum and hepatic tissue as a marker of oxidative stress in white rats exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was an experimental study with a posttest only control group design. In this study the sample divided into 2 groups, the control group (exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 weeks of research but not given honey) and the treatment group (exposed to cigarette smoke and given stingless bee honey (Kele-honey) for 4 weeks as well). The result indicated that mean of MDA both in serum and hepatic, of the treatment group higher than the control group, the differences are not significant. Whereas, the mean of SOD both in serum and hepatic, of the intervention group lower than the control group, the differences are significant.