Respon Antibodi terhadap penyakit tetelo pada ayam yang divaksin tetelo dan tetelo flu burung

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat respons antibodi ND pada ayam Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) yang divaksin dengan vaksin ND inaktif tunggal (ND Killed/ND K) dan vaksin kombinasi ND-AI serta membandingkan efikasi kedua vaksin tersebut. Penghitungan titer antibodi menggunakan uji hambatan hemaglutinasi/HI. Ayam SPF divaksinasi dengan dosis vaksin berbeda. Ayam SPF yang digunakan berjumlah 130 ekor berumur dua minggu. Sebanyak 120 ekor ayam SPF dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (kelompok A dan B) masing-masing berjumlah 60 ekor sedangkan 10 ekor lagi digunakan sebagai kontrol dan tidak divaksin. Kelompok A digunakan untuk menguji vaksin ND K tunggal dan kelompok B digunakan untuk menguji vaksin kombinasi ND-AI. Setiap kelompok dibagi lagi menjadi tiga subkelompok berjumlah masing-masing 20 ekor. Subkelompok 1 dari kelompok A dan B disuntik secara intramuskular dengan 1 dosis vaksin. Subkelompok 2 dari kelompok A dan B disuntik secara intramuskuler dengan 1/10 dosis vaksin. Subkelompok 3 dari kelompok A dan B disuntik secara intramuskuler dengan 1/100 dosis vaksin. Titer antibodi diperiksa sebelum vaksinasi dan setiap minggu selama tiga minggu setelah vaksinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan titer antibodi terhadap ND meningkat secara signifikan pada minggu kedua setelah vaksinasi. Titer antibodi ND pada vaksin ND tunggal dan kombinasi (ND-AI) masingmasing yang divaksinasi dengan satu dosis adalah GMT 6,05 dan GMT 6,3 dua minggu setelah vaksinasi, dan GMT 7.90 dan GMT 7,45 tiga minggu setelah vaksinasi. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian vaksin ND tunggal maupun vaksin kombinasi ND-AI ternyata efektif dalam memicu pembentukan respons kekebalan yang protektif terhadap ND. Kata-kata kunci : titer antibodi, vaksin ND, vaksin ND-AI, ayam SPF ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate antibody response of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens vaccinated with single inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine and combined inactive ND and avian influenza (AI) vaccines and to known the efficacy of both vaccines. The vaccines used were killed ND vaccine and killed ND-AI vaccine produced by PT. Sanbio Laboratories Bogor, West Java. SPF chickens were vaccinated with 3 different doses. Antibody titer of SPF chickens against ND virus were determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. As many as 130 two week old SPF chickens were used and they were divided into 2 groups (A and B) consisting of 60 chickens and 10 chickens were used as control without vaccine. Group A chickens were vaccinated with ND-K vaccine and group B were vaccinated with combined killed ND-AI vaccines. Each group was further divided into 3 subsgroups (1, 2 and 3) consisting 20 chickens. Subgroups 1, 2 and 3 were vaccinated intramuscularly respectively with intramuskular 1, 1/10 and 1/100 doses of each vaccines. Antibody response of chickens against ND virus was examined before vaccination and every three week after vaccination and was expresses as geometric mean titre (GMT) HI units. The result showed that the titre antibody against ND increased at the second week following the vaccination. The antibody titer against ND virus of chickens vaccinated single killed ND at the second week in each dose were 6.05 GMT HI unit, 4.05 GMT HI unit, and 0.9 GMT HI unit. The antibody titre at the third week were 7.90 GMT HI unit ,5.40 GMT HI unit and 2.20 GMT HI unit. The antibody titre against ND virus of chickens vaccinated with combined ND-AI vaccine at the second week were 6.30 GMT HI unit , 4.15 GMT HI unit , and 2.05 GMT HI unit. At the third week, the antibody titre against ND virus of chickens vaccinated with combined ND-AI vaccine in each subgroup were 7.45 GMT HI unit, 5.60 GMT HI unit , and 2.40 GMT HI unit . It showed that the antibody titers at single doses of killed ND vaccine (7.90 GMT HI unit) and combined ND-AI vaccine (7.45 GMT HI unit) at the third week after vaccination were both still effective as both titres were above standard protective titre. Keywords: antibody titre, ND-K vaccine, ND-AI vaccine, SPF chicken