New Status of Viral Disease Incidences on Chili Pepper in Bali, Indonesia Emerging of Yellow Vein Banding Disease

Surveys of viral disease on chili pepper fields in all over of growing area in Bali Island were conducted during growing season of 2012 – 2013 to updating the status of viral diseases. Observations were done based on the expression of symptom types on the plants in the fields, and some leaf samples were collected from different plant with different symptoms to elucidate viral pathogen associated with the symptoms. Virus detections and identifications were done by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or by reverse transcription and/or polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two viral diseases namely yellowing and mosaic, as reported previously, were found to be spread throughout the region. Based on the results of ELISA using sera anti-respective viruses, mosaic disease was induced by one of three different viruses: Tobacco mosaic, Cucumber mosaic and Chili veinal mottle viruses. Whereas, yellowing disease associated with infection of Pepper yellow leaf curl virus as confirmed by PCR. A new emerging disease, namely yellow vein banding, has typical symptoms and simply could be differentiate from mosaic and yellowing diseases. This disease still spread to a certain restricted area in Bali. RT-PCR using a pair primers specific to Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) successfully amplified a DNA band of about 650 bp from the diseased sample plants. The nucleotide sequences read directly from the RT-PCR product has a high homologies (more than 90%) with those of PeVYV from other countries. This result confirmed the association of PeVYV with a new emerging chlorosis disease on chili pepper in Bali.