Genetic structure and current distribution of Liriomyza huidobrensis, L.sativaeand L. trifolii(Diptera, Agromyzidae) on vegetable crops in Bali, Indonesia

Utama IWEK, Supartha IW, Yuliadhi KA, Sudiarta IP, Yudha IKW, Saleh S, Wahyuni S, Wiradana PA. 2024. Genetic structureand current distribution of Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativaeand L. trifolii(Diptera: Agromyzidae) on vegetable crops in Bali, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 25:2104-2114.Liriomyza spp.(Diptera: Agromizidae) is a polyphagous pest that attacks various types of vegetable and ornamental plants throughout the world. The most damaging species are Liriomyza huidobrensis(Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae(Blanchard), and Liriomyza trifolii(Burgess). There have been no reports regarding mapping of population distribution and population genetics of Liriomyzain the Bali region using theCytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) approach. This research aims to map the population and genetic structure of L. huidobrensis, L. sativaeand L. trifoliion vegetable plants in Bali. This research uses a purposive sampling method which represents vegetable plantings in each district and city in Bali Province. Identification of the Liriomyzaspp.gene structure using the COI approach using LCO and HCO primers. The results of the research found that the spatial distribution of invasive leafminer fly species, namely L. sativaeand L. trifolii, was evenly distributed throughout the city districts in Bali. The distribution pattern of L. trifoliiis uniform with an S2/X value <1, while L. huidobrensisis found in the highland areas with a clustered distribution patternwith an S2/.Thegenetic distance between the three Liriomyzaspecies found in vegetable plants in Bali is much longer. This means that the three Liriomyzaspecies show very high levels of genetic differentiation in mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and differentiation between species in nuclear genes. This genetic variation can influence the ability of insects to quickly adapt to new environments and contribute to population dynamics and dispersal capacity.