Optimization of Sonication Time on Physical Characteristics of Nanoemulsion on Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Fraction

The mangosteen rind fraction when formulated as a topical preparation requires a delivery system to support the absorption and penetration of the active substances. The delivery system used is nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion is a form of disperse oil and water with particle dispersion sizes less than 100 nm, with a transparent appearance. The physical characteristics of nanoemulsion are closely related to particle size, so the particle size in nanoemulsions is important to know. Reduction of particle size to nanometer through sonication process, so that in this study optimization of sonication time was carried out and to know the relationship of sonication time to the physical characteristics of nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion is made using the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Nanoemulsion was made using mangosteen rind fraction of 0.125% with carriers olive oil, cosurfactant (PEG 400), and surfactant (Cremophor RH 40) with a fixed ratio of 1: 7: 2. The test results showed that the use of sonication time 15, 45 and 90 minutes produced nanoemulsion that met the physical characteristics of nanoemulsion is no phase separation, the percent transmittance were 94.933 ± 0.802%, 96.1 ± 0.458%, and 92.167 ± 0.416%; test results of particle size 20.38 ± 0.090 nm, 19.693 ± 0.070 nm and 31.637 ± 1.591 nm; the potential zeta test results were 5.14 ± 0.57 mV, -5.683 ± 0.291 mV, and -5.097 ± 0.076 mV. Keywords: Fraction, Mangosteen, Nanoemulsion, SNEDDS, Sonication time