NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN MEASUREMENT WITH ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE METHOD (NFL ECL) IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AS PROMISING DIAGNOSTIC METHOD OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS A LITERATURE REVIEW

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an autoimmune-based neurodegenerative disease which signed with degeneration of upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN), considered as one of neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality rate. To date, there is no appropriate diagnostic method could detect ALS during early onset, which aimed to maximize and efficient the success rate of therapy. Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL) is a component of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which regulate axon diameter calibration and conduction speed in action potential of neurons. Several studies have shown that NFL concentration in CSF could be used to measure ALS severity based on its role in ALS pathogenesis. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is one of the current methods that could be used in measuring NFL with high sensitivity rate and affordable price. In this review, the author proposed NFL measurement with ECL method (NFL-ECL) as a current ALS diagnostic modality. In this review, several literatures were analyzed and synthesized. From 29 journals that have been included in criteria, only 23 of them were used in this review. Used journals are paper journals or e-journals that obtained from Google Scholar, BMJ Journals, The Lancet, PubMed, and other valid and accredited online journal bases. Results have shown that NFL measurement with ECL method has 97% sensitivity rate for prognostic diagnosis and 86-94% sensitivity rate for early-onset diagnosis. In conclusion, CSF based NFL measurement with ECL is a promising method for diagnosing ALS. KEYWORDS Neurofilament Light Chain, Electrochemiluminescence, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Diagnostic