Vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia Coagulation after administration of COVID-19 vaccine

COVID-19 Is a pneumonia-like disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 which causes a Worldwide pandemic during the early 21st century. To prevent transmission and further eradicate COVID-19, various types of vaccines have been produced and developed very quickly. Some vaccines have obtained permission from WHO to be given to the public. A few of them were: mRNA-based vaccines such as Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, vaccines with recombinant chimpanzee adenoviruses such as AstraZeneca vaccine, inactivated vaccines such as Sinovac and Sinopharm, and vaccines with recombinant adenovirus type 26 such as the Johnson & Johnson vaccines. These vaccines are made with the aim of limiting the spread of COVID-19. However, there are some adverse effects that are obtained after receiving the vaccine such as dizziness, nausea/vomiting, myalgia and in certain cases: blood coagulation which can lead to death. Blood coagulation is reported to have occurred in the administration of adenovirus based vaccines. This coagulation is known as Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT). VITT which is estimated that in 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 people vaccinated with an adenovirus-based vaccine is likely to be caused by an anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4-Heparin) antibody similar to Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). However, further study is needed to understand the pathogenesis and what affects of VITT. This review will discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of VITT after the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine.