High Il - 1 beta Serum as a Predictor of Decreased Cognitive Function in Mild T raumatic Brain Injury Patients

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) exerts a significantimpact on society with regards to physical, affective, and cognitive impairment. The consequent cognitive sequelae include a problemin memory, attention, concentration, and processing speed. Following traumatic brain injury, inflammatory response developed, characterisedby increased interleukin 1-? (IL-1?) levels in the blood. IL 1-? at pathophysiologica lconcentration has been reported to cause an inhibition of the expression of long term potentiation (LTP) in the areas CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. AIM: This study aimsto determine whether high IL-1? serum is a predictor of decreased cognitive function in mild TBI. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at the emergencyroom, surgical and neurologic ward at Sanglah Hospital from November 2017 until January 2018. As many as thirtyfive mild TBI with normal IL1? serum (<0.0565 pg/ml) and thirty five of those with high IL-1? serum (? 0.0565 pg/ml) subjects were included within the corresponding period.The decreaseof cognition after trauma was measured seven days later. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that group with high IL-1? serum levels were at higher risk of suffering from cognitive impairment after TBI when compared with the group with normal IL-1? serum levels (RR=2.6; 95% CI 1.49-4.55, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Mild TBI with high serum IL-1? levels were more than twice likely to experience decreased cognitive function than those with normal IL-1? levels.